Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
Nipah virus infection (NiV) is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus. Nipah virus provides one of the most striking examples of an emerging virus and illustrates many of the pathways leading from a wildlife reservoir to human infections. Prior to 1998 there had been no reports of a disease of wildlife, domestic animals or humans that would subsequently be considered infection with Nipah virus. Despite the emergence of the related virus, Hendra, a number of years before Nipah virus, there was nothing to herald the sudden appearance of this virus, which in itself is surprising given the regularity of outbreaks since it appeared. However, the characterization of Hendra virus paved the way for the identification of the causative agent of disease in Malaysian pigs and farm workers and assisted in the recognition of the source of the infection and the pathway from the wildlife reservoir to humans. The symptoms start to appear within 3 – 14 days after exposure. The risk of exposure is high for hospital workers and caretakers...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
Now a day’s urogenital cancer is the life threatening disease in worldwide, among them most four life threatening urogenital cancers are kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and testicular cancer. Kidney cancer or renal cell carcinoma (also called adenocarcinoma) is a disease in which malignant cancer cells are found in the living of tubules (renal epithelium). The kidney cancer has the highest mortality rate of the genito urinary cancers and the incidence of kidney cancer has risen steadily. Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the bladder. The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower part of the abdomen. Bladder cancer is seventh most basic cancer worldwide and fourth basic growth in men. Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer cells shape in the tissues of the prostate. Prostate cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and more than 1.1 million cases of prostate cancer recorded in 2012. Testicular cancer is a disease when testicular cells...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
An object with at least one characteristic dimension between 1 and 100 nm can be defined as “nanomaterial”. The unbelievable development of nanotechnology in the last 30 years has allowed the release of new and efficient synthetic routes towards the production and functionalization of different NPs, composed of a variety of materials including noble metals (e.g. gold and silver), semiconductors, TiO2, magnetic compounds and their combinations, such as core-shell and alloy. Advances in nanoparticle synthesis and engineering have produced nanoscale agents affording both therapeutic and diagnostic functions that are often referred to by the portmanteau ‘Nanotheronostics’. The field is associated with many applications in the clinic, especially in cancer management. These include patient stratification, drug-release monitoring, imaging-guided focal therapy and post-treatment response monitoring NPs which is clearly elaborated in this work. Intelligent nanotheronostics based on bio responsive systems have recently emerged and offer the promise of high specificity and efficiency via “on-demand” activation of both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities are being widely used for cancer diagnostics. As this development...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
Obesity is the primary cause of metabolic syndrome (MS), further developing to atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin resistance and diabetes in different individuals depending on their predisposed genetic background. Though adipose tissue acts as endocrine gland, as storage for energy reserve and insulation to vital organs but overloaded adipose tissue, turns inflammatory and induces systemic low grade inflammation (LGI), affecting the normal physiology. The endothelial cells, the innermost layer of a blood vessel, are the most affected ones and responsible for micro and macro-vascular complications. Obesity is linked to dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in variety of cells resulting oxidative stress, accumulation of residual damaged cell organelles and ER stress leading to UPRs (unfolded protein responses) accumulation in the cytoplasm. This is also associated to low autophagy. The whole process activates the innate immunity and attracts macrophages towards adipose tissue and secretes abnormal adipokines and inflammatory cytokines. At physiological level it is manifested as changed neurological secretions, sleep pattern, appetite, and hunger signals. Thus, activation of antioxidant enzymes and autophagy...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2018 in |
With the advent of nanotechnology, it has become important to realize the immense potential of ayurvedic bhasma which had been there for centuries. The study of ayurvedic bhasma as nanomedicine is an important interdisciplinary research area in need of contributions from material science, chemistry, pharmacology, etc. Such a research will definitely help in the characterization and standardization of these bhasmas which is a very complex problem. However, this system is not getting recognition in other parts of the world. Among the various reasons listed for lack of popularity of ayurveda, is non-availability of ‘standards’ for ayurvedic medicine particularly when prepared on large scale in modern pharmaceutical plants, matching the convenience palatability of modern dosage forms. Many times, it is reported that the preparation, particularly those mineral based are found to contain toxic substances exceeding permissible limits. There has been a lot of hue and cry regarding the safety and efficacy of the bhasmas, especially after publication of certain reports in print media. Further, the commercial pharmacies not adhering to...
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