Posted by admin on May 31, 2025 in |
A Multifactorial disorder primarily of energy balance, which occurs due to imbalance between energy expenditure and excess of calorie intake. Obesity is becoming a serious health related problem worldwide. Appropriate Treatment plans as well as Goals have been established for this disorder, when a patient presents with certain complications, for example, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease presents with obesity. A number of medications have been approved by the U S Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of this disorder. However, the medications should be used in conjunction with healthy eating habits and physical activity. Several medications have been withdrawn due to serious adverse effects, yet several new drugs are in trials. This article will review the Pathophysiology of the occurrence of obesity, the neurotransmitters involved in its onset, the history of medications: why and which were withdrawn, what all medications are available, what are the future for the treatment of patients suffering from...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2025 in |
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical waste management is essential for safeguarding public health as well as environmental sustainability. Efficient waste management systems are crucial to minimize the adverse impact of biomedical waste. This article gives the key aspects of bio- medical and pharmaceutical waste management including plant location, land requirement, area, machines and equipment, infrastructure, collection and transportation. This article mainly focusses on the no-burn technologies used for treating most of the categories of pharmaceutical waste, highlighting the need for incineration for specific categories of waste and other equipment required for proper treatment of waste. This article also explains in detail the basic infrastructure setup of a common bio-medical waste treatment facility...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2025 in |
Cordia macleodii is an endangered ethnomedicinal plant found in dry deciduous forest areas of India. It is one of the 13 species belonging to the genus Cordia of the Boraginaceae family, commonly known as Dahipalas or Dahiman. The main identifying feature of this plant is that any injury to the adaxial surface of the leaf will result in persistent black markings. This plant species is at risk of extinction due to several causes, including early flowering, restricted fruit development, premature drying of fruits, and poor seed germination. C. macleodii has been highlighted for its therapeutic effects including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, aphrodisiac and hepatoprotective abilities, and also used by different tribals of India for healing wounds, mouth sores, treating piles and diarrhoea. Leaf powder of C. macleodii is useful for treating hypertension and controlling blood urea, and the ethanolic bark extract is used against Ophiophagus hannah venom due to its antivenom properties. Various bioactive constituents, including saponins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, lipids, fixed oils, resin...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2025 in |
Introduction: The space environment induces distinct modifications in astronaut physiology that necessitate the attention of medical professionals and researchers. These alterations stem from various space related factors including radiation, disrupted sleep-wake cycles and notably the absence of Earth’s gravitational pull, which has traditionally been crucial for establishing normal bodily functions and balance. It has been noted that exposure to microgravity leads to a dysregulated human immune system at the cellular level, potentially posing health risks for astronauts. Methods: The completion of this study involved consolidating information from classical Ayurvedic literatures, academic research papers, guidelines, as well as searching databases such as PubMed and MedLine. Results and Discussion: Radioprotective agents encompass substances such as antioxidants and similar compounds containing sulfhydryl groups along with adaptogens, are agents that enhance resistance to radiation. Typically derived from natural sources, these biological protectors defend against mild ionizing radiation by regulating immune responses and enhancing the body’s own antioxidant mechanisms, thus enhancing overall resistance in biological systems. Ayurvedic medicinal plants exhibit a promising ability to...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2025 in |
This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of machine learning (ML) in drug discovery and development within the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by outlining the foundational concepts of machine learning, highlighting its ability to enhance decision-making and improve accuracy through data analysis. The paper emphasizes the growing adoption of ML techniques across the pharmaceutical sector, showcasing their potential to streamline drug discovery processes, reduce costs, and minimize reliance on animal testing. It categorizes various machine learning methods, such as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning, and discusses their applications in drug discovery, including predicting drug efficacy, optimizing lead compounds, and validating safety biomarkers. Furthermore, the paper delves into advanced ML techniques like transfer learning, multitask learning, and active learning, which address challenges related to data scarcity and enhance model performance. The discussion also covers specific algorithms such as Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, and Artificial Neural Networks, illustrating their utility in predicting biological properties and improving drug design. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the integration of...
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