Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction, is triggered by the development of antibodies that stimulates the platelet activation in presence of heparin. Bleeding is infrequent in HIT patients regardless of thrombocytopenia; however, HIT is strongly associated with thromboembolic complications involving both venous and arterial systems. Numerous novel oral anticoagulants exist that may be beneficial for HIT, principally in cases refractory to standard therapies. However, these agents have not been fully evaluated for treatment of patients with HIT and hence none have FDA approval for use in HIT. Diagnosis of HIT is a bit challenging because of the routine use of heparin in hospitalized patients, which is one of the common consequences of thrombocytopenia. Numerous laboratory tests are available to confirm the diagnosis of HIT, but its clinical suspension remains crucial to the early cessation of heparin and initiation of alternative therapy. Treatment includes the initiation of alternative anticoagulants resulting in the reduced prevalence of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
The tradition of home treatment is found in all cultures throughout the world whether in developed or developing countries. Few herbal drugs commonly appear in the home use as a medicine. One such drug is Zanjabeel, it is the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. It is a popular culinary spice that was used as an important medicine by ancient Unani physicians. It is a very important drug of house hold medicine kit used mainly as antiflatulant, digestive, anti cough and other indications mentioned in traditional Unani text. Beside its traditional uses its new indications are as an, ant-emetic, hypocholesterolaemic antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective etc. Unani medicine has provided lot of information regarding this drug. Fresh look on the indications of Zanjabeel is needed in the light of current research performed on it and further scope of research can also be explored with the help of traditional knowledge exist in Unani medicine. This review is an attempt in this direction, so that Zanjabeel can become more beneficial to ailing people and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Now a day the recent development in new drug delivery systems plays a vital role in pharmaceutical industries. The drug delivery practice has been modified in the last decades and even many advanced innovations happened in recent times. Newer drug delivery systems are largely influencing the current medical practice. Alterations of a traditional or conventional drug delivery into a new drug delivery system can absolutely changing the bioavailability, safety and efficacy of the drug and also it can produce improved patient compliance. Now a day, the scope of controlled drug delivery system is tremendously influencing the pharmaceutical dosage forms because it offers a wide range of products. Out of all controlled release products, Microspheres is one among all because of the controlled release and sustained release properties. This paper focus on the various types of microspheres along with their method of preparation and basic technique to evaluate its efficiency with most important emphasizes on pharmaceutical application of microspheres by means of microspheres taken by various routes of system such...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Impurities will be present in all drug substances and drug products, i.e. nothing is 100% pure if one looks in enough depth. The current regulatory guidance on impurities accepts this, and for drug products with a dose of less than 2 g/day identification of impurities is set at 0.1% levels and above (ICH Q3B (R2), 2006). For some impurities, this is a simple undertaking as generally available analytical techniques can address the prevailing analytical challenges; whereas, for others this may be much more challenging requiring more sophisticated analytical approaches. The present review provides an insight into current development of analytical techniques to investigate and quantify impurities in drug substances and drug products providing discussion of progress particular within the field of chromatography to ensure separation of and quantification of those related impurities. Further, a section is devoted to the identification of classical impurities, but in addition, inorganic (metal residues) and solid state impurities are also discussed. Risk control strategies for pharmaceutical impurities aligned with several of the ICH guidelines,...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Intra nasal drug delivery system (INDDS) has emerged as a non- invasive alternative for delivering peptides, proteins and other therapeutic agents, specifically to CNS (Central nervous system). This route is well suitable for systemic delivery because of high vasculature, permeability, elimination of hepatic first pass metabolism and low enzymatic environment of the nasal cavity. This route of delivery is especially suited to treat CNS disorders like – neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunctioning etc., due to drugs ability to directly reach the brain by passing blood brain barrier (BBB). It is also a well suited delivery route for the biotechnological products like DNA plasmids, hormone, proteins, peptides, DNA vaccines to give enhanced bioavailability. A wide variety of therapeutic compounds may be administered intra-nasally for topical, systemic and CNS disorders. In this review, we have focussed on the nasal passage anatomical pathway leading to CNS drug delivery, different factors affecting nasal absorption, bioavailability barriers, vaccines and other therapeutic, biologically active molecules delivered via intra nasal route and strategies to improve...
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