Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2016 in |
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in addition with Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) gained exact place in the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Starting from the HEPT and TIBO derivatives, different classes of compounds have been identified as NNRTIs, that is compounds that are specifically inhibitory to HIV-1 replication and targeted at the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Two NNRTIs (nevirapine and delavirdine) have been formally licensed for clinical use and several others are (or have been) in preclinical and: or clinical development [tivirapine (TIBO R-86183), loviride (a-APA R89439), thiocarboxanilide UC-781, HEPT derivative MKC-442, quinoxaline HBY 097, DMP 266 (efavirenz), PETT derivatives (trovirdine, PETT-4, PETT-5) and the dichlorophenylthio (pyridyl) imidazole derivative [S-1153]. Several compounds acting as Reverse transcriptase inhibitors was proved to be highly valuable against HIV-1 replication with minimal toxicity. NNRTIs interact with a specific ‘pocket’ site of HIV-1 RT and thus inhibiting the translocation and further elongation of DNA strand. The major drawbacks...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2016 in |
“Acid labile drug” means a drug that is easily destroyed in acidic environment, Stomach is the main site for drug absorption mainly by oral rout. The pH of the stomach is acidic so the absorption of acid labile drugs through stomach is difficult. For this resign the drugs should be formulated as enteric coated or may be administered through parenteral rout. These approaches are effective but they increase the cost of the dosage form. So for making the acid labile drug effective in acidic environment one of the best approach is in-situ buffer formulation. These are the formulation containg agents which immediately buffer the internal environment of the body and increases the stability of acid labile drugs inside the body. This article covers the possible approaches for buffer formulation, formulations could be possible, method of preparation and evaluation of in-situ buffer formulation. The articles the examples of agents can be used as...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2016 in |
Emulgel systems are currently of attention to the pharmaceutical scientists because of their substantial potential to act as drug delivery vehicle by incorporating a broad range of drug molecules. These are either emulsion of water in oil type or oil in water, which is gelled by mixing it with a gelling agent. Incorporation of emulsion into gel makes it a dual control release system & also increases its stability. Due to lack of insoluble excipients and excess oily bases, it demonstrates better drug release as compared to other topical drug delivery system. Due to nongreasy because of the presence of gel phase which favors good patient compliance. In order to understand the potential of emulgel as delivery vehicles, this review gives an overview of the ideal properties, formation, and characterization of emulgels. The use of emulgel -based systems as drug delivery vehicles is reviewed, with particular emphasis being placed on recent developments and future...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2016 in |
Salvia L., is one of the largest genera from Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family which comprises 900 species and is widely distributed in various regions of the world like in America, Europe, Asia. In this review article, the triterpenoid constituents were investigated from all of the Salvia plants to date are reported. About 214 triterpenoids of different classes were isolated and characterized from 113 species of salvia genus. So far the Salvia plants were investigated for their diterpenoids, phenolics and monoterpenes (volatile oils), especially for diterpenoids rather than for their triterpenoid constituents. However, during the isolation procedures of Salvia plant extracts, ursolic and oleanolic acids are common triterpenoid with other constituents isolated. Salvia, in Latin named “salvare”, which means “to heal” so by name its medicinal importance was understand, since from ancient times different salvia species were used to cure more than sixty different ailments ranging from aches to epilepsy, and mainly to treat colds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, hemorrhage, and menstrual disorders. Salvia L., is one of the largest genera from Lamiaceae...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2016 in |
Excipients are important partner in formulation that decide dosage form as well as Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medicament. In contemporary era, excipients are used from synthetic resources, causes unwanted effect in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. So industries are looking towards natural resources as it delivers safe, biodegradable, cost effective, biocompatible and inert excipient to pharmaceutical industries. Leading organizations like WHO (World Health Organization), ICH (International conference on harmonization), IPEC (International Pharmaceutical Excipient Council) are working together to sort out the complication arises due to synthetic excipient and thus they are showing their faith inside traditional wisdom. In Indian subcontinent, Ayurveda is known medical sciences since 1000 BC and its existence till 21st century create a charm in contemporary scholar with a hope-light that Ayurvedic pharmaceutical wisdom shows a path for unique management of natural excipients. Interestingly, excipients in Ayurveda not only as inert supplements but also take part in pharmacological action. Here author investigated the concept of use, related pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natural nurture in Ayurvedic dosage form and...
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