Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Microspheres play a very important role as particulate drug delivery system because of their small size and other efficient properties. Microspheres have been proved to be a suitable bridge to scale the distance over to formulate an effective dosage form, to simulate controlled drug release. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing solid powders, which consist of proteins or synthetic polymer, which are biodegradable in nature. Microspheres having particle size in range between 0.1-200 µm, can be delivered by several routes like oral, parentral, nasal, ophthalmic, transdermal, colonal etc. Various recent advancement in case of microspheres like mucoadhesive, hollow, floating, microballons, magnetic have been contributed to overcome the various problems that are associated with the use of microspheres, which includes site specific targeting and improved release kinetics. In future by combining various new strategies, microspheres will find a central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, genetic materials, safe, targeting and effective drug...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
The safe use of medicines is a critical issue for all health care professionals, including physicians, pharmacists and nurses as well as public. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unwanted effects that are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in whole world also has prolongation of hospital stay and increase visiting of emergency department. The present review dealt to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of Pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance is applicable to persuade the safety of medicine and protect consumers from their harmful effects. Pharmacovigilance helps in early detection of ADRs and identification of risk factors. This is a questionnaire based study involving awareness of ADRs, knowledge of Pharmacovigilance system, availability of ADRs reporting system, patient counseling about ADRs and reporting of ADRs. Implementing good Pharmacovigilance practice in hospital settings can lead to proper reporting of ADRs. To monitor the ADRs in India Pharmacovigilance program of India (PvPI) is in an infancy period and as according to PvPI other branches like Haemovigilance, Biovigilance and Herbal Pharmacovigilance are also...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
It is well known that polymeric prodrug or polymer-drug conjugate is an effective and fast growing technique for improved use of drugs for therapeutic applications. Polymer conjugated drugs generally exhibit prolonged half-life, higher stability, water solubility, lower immunogenicity and antigenicity and specific targeting to tissues or cells. Polymers are used as carriers in polymeric prodrugs/macromolecular prodrugs for the delivery of drugs, proteins, targeting moieties, and imaging agents. The potential of the polymer-drug conjugates have already been proved by success of many products in the market for the treatment of different diseases. The polymeric pro-drug can be regarded as drug delivery systems that exhibit their therapeutic activities by means of releasing smaller therapeutic drug molecules from a polymer chain molecule for a prolonged period of time which results in enhanced pharmacokinetic behaviour by increasing the t 1/2 , bioavailability, and hence prolonged pharmacological action. This review deals with the Rational for design of polymer-drug conjugates (PDC), requirements for selection of drug candidate for polymeric prodrug, requirements for selecting polymers as...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Diabetes is the most common lifestyle disease associated with many serious worries including diabetic ketoacidosis, cardiac problems, kidney failure, non ketotic hyperosmolar coma, foot ulcers, eye damage etc. All these complications develops due to abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin synthesis resulting in high blood sugar with symptoms such as elevated hunger and thirst, polyuria, glycosuria, lethargy etc. The article is focused on different targets of diabetes....
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a biliprotein found in edible blue-green algae. Its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant activities has been evidenced by many in vitro and in vivo studies. Anti-inflammatory activity of C-PC demonstrated by free radical scavenging, inhibition of DNA damage, and decreased ROS. Here, the effects of C-PC on cytotoxicity and cell signaling through the apoptotic and other pathways were studied. Results indicated that anti-proliferative effects of C-PC are mediated by inactivation of BCR-ABL signaling and the downstream pathway PI3K/AKT. Phycocyanin induces apoptotic death, and Bcl-2 expression inhibits it via generation of free radicals. C-PC exerted antimelanogenic mechanisms by downregulating p38 MAPK-regulated CREB pathway activation and upregulating MAPK/ERK-dependent degradation of MITF protein. C-PC-mediated PDT (photodynamic therapy) is approved as a potential therapy for cancer. Phycocyanin can be consumed as a dietary supplement or a food component to obtain health benefits against CVD (cardiovascular disease) and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). These results suggest that phycocyanin which had been obtained from blue green algae are potential medicaments in the...
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