Posted by admin on May 1, 2014 in |
In the treatment of health related dysfunctions, it is desirable that the drug reaches its site of action at a particular concentration and that this therapeutic dose range remains constant over a sufficiently long period of time to alter the process. Delivery of hydrophobic molecules and proteins has been an issue to poor bioavailability following administration. Thus, micelle carrier systems are being investigated to improve drug solubility and stability. Due to problems with toxicity and immunogenicity, biodegradable polymers are being explored as substitutes for synthetic polymers in the development of new micelle system. By grafting hydrophobic moieties to the biodegradable polymer backbone, self-assembled micelles can be readily formed in aqueous solution. The mechanisms involved in controlled release require polymers with a variety of physicochemical properties. Thus several polymers have been tested as potential drug delivery systems, including nano- and micro-particles, dendrimers, nano- and micro- spheres, capsosomes and micelles. In all these systems, drugs can be encapsulated or conjugated in polymer matrices. This review will provide an overview of the...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2014 in |
In comparison among the other groups of semisolid preparations, the use of gels has been emerged both in cosmetics and in pharmaceutical preparations because of its unique array of features. Despite of providing several benefits the category gel faces limitations in delivering hydrophobic drug molecules via skin. So in order to cover up this lacking a recent emulsion based approach is being used so that even a hydrophobic therapeutic moiety can enjoy the unique properties of gels. The use of gels and emulsions as combined dosage form results into formation of emulgel showing dual release. With this approach the use of polymers with enhanced effect in release pattern has been emerged providing sustained and controlled release. The presence of a gelling agent in the water phase converts a classical emulsion into an emulgel. These emulgels show major advantages on novel vesicular system as well as on conventional systems in various aspects. Emulgels have several favourable properties for dermatological use such as being thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily removable, emollient, nonstaining, long shelf life, bio-friendly, transparent and...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2014 in |
Probiotics are defined as “Live microorganisms” which when administered in sufficient amounts confer a health benefit to the host. They are consumed as microbial food supplements.The mechanism of action of probiotics is associated with their ability to enhance immune response, compete with pathogenic microbes for adhesion sites, to antagonize these pathogens and production of antimicrobial substances. Immunomodulatory effect of probiotics can be explained by molecular and proteomic studies. Health benefits of probiotics includes prevention and treatment of various health conditions and diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Necrotising colitis, allergies, urogenital infections, various cancers, Arthritis, AIDS, Upper respiratory infections, oral health such as prevention of dental caries, periodontal diseases and haliotis as well as many other effects which are under exploration. The result of several clinical investigations proposes that probiotics may exert beneficial effect in preventing and treating various diseases to manage human health. Though, many of this clinical research needed validation to provide results for clinical regime. This review illustrates the...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2014 in |
Bergenia ligulata Wall is considered amongst the high valued medicinal herbs and one of the important examples of controversial drugs which is popularly known as ‘Paashanbheda’ (meaning ‘to dissolve the stone’) in Indian systems of medicine. The phytochemical studies have shown the presence of many secondary metabolites belonging to coumarins, flavonoids, benzenoids, lactone, carbohydrate, tannins, phenols and sterols. Crude extracts and isolated compounds from B. ligulatashow a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as antiurolithic, antiviral, free radical scavenging, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, antioxaluria, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-implantation and cardioprotective activities. The objective of present review is to provide the up-to-date information that is available on the botany, pharmacognosy, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacopeal standards, pharmacology and toxicology of B. ligulata and to highlight the biological activities of bergenin (active constituent from Bergenia ligulata) with its pharmacokinetics, analytical methods of estimation and to provide a basis for future research. It covers the information collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search (Google Scholar,...
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Posted by admin on May 1, 2014 in |
Antiemetic drugs are used in the treatment of nausea and emesis. Development of novel delivery systems for antiemetic drugs, as an alternative to conventional preparations, is essential in terms of good patient compliance and improving bioavailability. The nasal route offers exclusive superiorities, such as rapid and high drug absorption, and high patient compliance. Consequently, a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the development of nasal delivery systems for antiemetic drugs. This review deals with the importance of nasal delivery of antiemetic drugs and the studies performed on this subject. The present review illustrates the studies conducted on the development of nasal delivery systems. Due to its better stability and bioavailability, the nasal route could be considered as an attractive alternative to oral and parenteral...
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