Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in EGFR mutated patients. It acts by interfering with the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and other host-dependent process promoting cancer cell growth by blocking signal transduction pathways. The major advantage of Gefitinib over standard chemotherapy is that it selectively inhibits cellular pathways involved in tumor survival with minimal effect on normal cells. Gefitinib was the first agent to be tested in clinical trials among tyrosine kinase inhibitors class of anticancer drugs. Gefitinib is a very slightly soluble novel anticancer drug whose solubility and dissolution can be improved by its complexation with cyclodextrins. Gefitinib is a generally well-tolerated treatment, with skin rash and diarrhea being the most common treatment adverse effects. Gefitinib has the potential of stimulating cell immunity against malignant cells. Binding of Gefitinib to human plasma protein is extensive. This article reviews the safety and efficacy of Gefitinib...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
Cancer is a very complex genetic disorder that is mainly caused by carcinogens. Carcinogens can be present in the air, water, food, chemicals, and sunlight that are exposed to the people. In the case of leukemia, the body produces large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. In the study of blood cancer that is leukemia, blood disorders through visual inspection of microscopic images of blood cells is an important diagnostic tool. From the identification of blood disorders, it can lead to the classification of certain diseases related to blood. Doxorubicin drug most useful for cancer treatment such as Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, Lung cancer, Neuroblastoma cancer, Leukemia, etc. In breast cancer, the efficacy of drug treatment will thus depend on the histology of the tumor tissue. In ovarian cancer, the doxorubicin metabolites accumulated in the ascites and cleared more slowly from the peritoneal compartment than from the serum. Accumulation in the peritoneal cavity with prolonged half-life should be considered when administering medication in patients with ascites. In lungs cancer,...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
Plants have played an important role as various medicinal agents since ages. Medicinal herbs have been used in one form or another, under indigenous systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. The knowledge of Indian medicinal plants and their uses in the Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicine have led to many scientific investigations and researches throughout the world. Asthma is a common disease that is rising in prevalence worldwide with the highest prevalence in industrialized countries. Asthma affects about 155 million people worldwide, and it has been estimated that is further 100 million will be affected by 2025. It has affected 14-15 million people in the United States, including an estimated 4.8 million childhoods. It accounts for about 11 million hospital visits annually and the sixth most frequent reason for visits in the ambulatory setting. It the past decade’s research has been focused on scientific evaluation of traditional drugs of plant origin for the treatment of various diseases. Since the time immemorial, various herbs are used as...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2014 in |
The presence of an excess amount of pharmaceutical impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients and control of these are a major issue for all pharmaceutical companies. It is essential to know the presence of impurities in the drug substances and control them up to a certain level to avoid adverse effects. Impurities in organic drug molecules can be developed during organic synthesis, formulation or upon aging of active pharmaceutical ingredients, which may affect the quality, safety, and efficacy of drugs. Impurity profile is defined as the description of identified and unidentified impurities present in new drugs as per ICH guidelines. The identification of the impurities of different drugs is done by a variety of available Chromatographic and Spectroscopic techniques. The different analytical methods are utilized for characterization and identification of impurities such as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), Gas Chromatography (GC), Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV-Visible, IR, Mass, NMR and Raman spectroscopy. In this review article, a...
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Posted by admin on Sep 2, 2014 in |
Co-crystals consists of API and a stoichiometric amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable co-crystal former. Pharmaceutical Co-crystals are nonionic supramolecular complexes and can be used to address physical property issues such as solubility, stability, and bioavailability in pharmaceutical development without changing the chemical composition of the API. Cocrystal is a crystalline entity formed by two different or more molecular entities where the intermolecular interactions are weak forces like hydrogen bonding and π- π stacking. Super porous systems, biodegradable hydrogel systems. Co-crystallization alters the molecular interactions and composition of pharmaceutical materials and is considered a better alternative to optimize drug properties. Co-crystals offer a different pathway, where any API, regardless of acidic, basic, or ionizable groups, could potentially be co-crystallized. This aspect also helps complement existing methods by reintroducing molecules that had limited pharmaceutical profiles based on their nonionizable functional groups. The article gives a brief review of the co-crystallization, its difference from other states and its importance as an alternative over slat formation. The review also highlights the current FDA...
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