Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
Male infertility is a reproductive health disorder, emerging globally as serious medicaland social problem that results in much trauma, emotional instability and psychological stress of the affected couples. In 50% of the diagnosed cases of infertility males are reported to be the predominant causative factor. Male infertility can assess by the quality and quantity of sperm cells as well as structure. The present review provides an overview on a wide range of factors that are accountable for male infertility. Hormonal imbalances, genetical defects, reproductive anatomical & morphological abnormalities, chemicals & toxins exposure, reactive oxygen species and smoking are the main causative factors. Besides these, pollution, changed lifestyle, lack of proper diet & nutrition, addictions, diseases, medications, illness and psychological problems may also contribute to infertility problems which can temporarily or permanently affect male reproductive system. Some of these factors are lifestyle borne and can possibly be corrected and some are medical which need to be given special attention while some fail to be diagnosed. The knowledge of male infertility...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
Nanomedicine offers the prospect of powerful new tools for the treatment of human diseases and the improvement of human biological systems. Nanomedicine is the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. Nanomedicine’s nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body. Scientists report the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure because of its inert properties and strength. Super-smooth surfaces will lessen the likelihood of triggering the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to go about their business unimpeded. Nanorobots can offer a number of advantages in drug delivery over present methods. These include more bioavailability, targeted therapy, fewer surgeon mistakes; reach remote areas in human anatomy, large interfacial area for mass transfer, non-invasive technique, this review focuses on the properties, method of preparations, mechanism of action, elements and applications of nanorobots. In addition, current...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
One of the most fascinating branches of pharmaceutical field is the chemistry of heterocyclic molecules. Heterocyclic compounds are widely distributed in nature and have biological and industrial significance. Already most of the drugs available in the market are heterocyclic in nature. Cyanopyridine, a structural motif is a cause of concern for biologist and chemist in last twenty years. Specifically 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine scaffolds demand importance due to their diverse biological activity like antiviral, antibacterial, and fungicidal activities, novel IKK-β inhibitors, A2A adenosine receptor antagonists, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase. Due to high reactivity of this scaffold, it has been found as reactive chemical intermediates in organic synthesis like, commercial production of nicotinamide, and pharmaceuticals such as Ridogrel and Pirenzepine. In this short review we have focused on the recent development in synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives and all possible pharmacology reported for this compound. This review may helpful for medicinal chemist in research regarding 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine in...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
Nanotechnology plays an important role in advanced biology and medicine research particularly in the development of potential site-specific delivery systems with lower drug toxicity and greater efficiency. In terms of nanopharmaceutics, gelatin was already considered as interesting biodegradable base material in the early days of particle development. The interest was based on the facts that gelatin has been known for its low immunogenicity for many years and is administered intravenously since it is an ingredient of various registered blood substitutes. One advantage offered by the amino acid side-chains of the gelatin matrix molecule is the option of multiple further modifications. Therefore, gelatin nanoparticles can be used as a great carrier for the drugs delivery intravenously with few surface...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2014 in |
Withania somnifera belongs to the Solanaceaefamily, commonly known as Ashwagandha, Indian ginseng or Winter cherry. It is an important commercial medicinal crop, considered as similar to Panax ginseng in Chinese medicine. Different parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. It provides defense against diseases, adverse environmental factors and helps to retard the aging process. Ashwagandha exhibits a wide range of therapeutic properties by tuning the endocrine, cardiopulmonary, central nervous system and sexual behavior without any toxicity. The root has been used most frequently for therapeutic uses and is a constituent of over 200 formulations in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicines. There are several reports to establish its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antistress, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonian, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, cardiovascular, antioxidant, antitumor and adaptogenic properties. These properties stem from the characteristic bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids and phytosterols present in the plant. This review presents a detailed survey on various traditional uses, phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of Withania...
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