Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the legume family (Fabaceae). There are different varieties like Virgina group, Spanish group, Runner group, Valencia group, Tennessee red and Tennessee white. Peanut consists of 30 essential nutrients and phytonutrients. Peanuts are a good source of vitamins & metals. Peanut hulls consist of crude fiber, cellulose, water, crude protein, ash and fat. Chemical constituents present in the plant are acids, arachin, lecithin protein, flavonoids, beta-carotene, amino acids, minerals, fat, carbohydrates etc. It has varies pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory. Peanuts can help to enrich the soil. Peanuts are legumes and are able to fix nitrogen in their roots. Peanut oil used as a liniments, plasters, soap & lubricant. Roots are used alternative fuel & cosmetic purpose. Peanut allergy is the most common cause of deaths from food...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Solubility of orally administered drug is major challenge of pharmaceutical industry as nearly 35-40% of newly launched drugs possess low aqueous solubility which leads to their poor dissolution and low bioavailability, resulting in high intra & inter subject variability & lack of dose proportionality. This can be increased by different methods like salt formation, solid dispersion and complex formation. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) is gaining popularity for improving the solubility of lipophilic drugs. SEDDS are defined as isotropic mixtures of one or more hydrophilic solvents and co-solvents/surfactants that have a unique ability of forming fine oil-in-water (o/w) micro emulsions upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous media, such as GI fluids.Present review provides an updated account of advancements in SEDDS with regard to its composition, evaluation, different dosage forms and newer techniques to convert liquid SEDDS to solid and also various...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Life expectancy is increasing as a result of advancement in medical science and the availability of better healthcare services. As the risk of dementia increases with increasing age, the number of persons with dementia in the general population is also rising. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for approximately 70% of the dementia cases. So far, efforts to find a cure for Dementia have been disappointing, and the drugs currently available to treat the disease address only its symptoms and with limited effectiveness. Apart from genetic susceptibility, chronic exposure to other toxins, free -radical damage, Diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, high homocysteine level are the major risk factors for Alzheimer’s and stroke-related dementia. Reducing oxidative stress by anti-oxidants, protecting brain inflammatory lesions using anti-inflammatory drugs and facilitation of brain cholinergic neurotransmission with anti-cholinesterase are some positive approaches to management for dementia especially in Alzheimer’s disease. Saraswata ghrita, a polyherbal medhya compound drug used in traditional medicine for cognition and memory related problems is...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
In contrast to the problematic health and economic effects of acute and chronic smoke exposure on lung function and airway inflammation, there are still few data dealing with the effects of smoking. Smoke exposurecan result in aberrant cell growth. In our experiments, pyrolyzed components of cigarettes have been shown to induce a strong stress response in cultured cells. We used human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, which respond with an altered expression of a broad spectrum of genes. Therefore we performed a systematic analysis of the genetic expression behaviour, using the established whole genome microarray-technology which should be able to reveal the cellular effects. With these data we aim to generate a qualitative spectrum of cellular stress response activity. It is noticeable that after cells’ exposure to pyrolyzed tobacco smoke components the products of the most affected genes, e.g. ID1, inhibitor of DNA binding, are up-regulated as a rapid response after 2 h with a factor 3.8 and RPS2, ribosomal protein S2, is down-regulated to nearly 50 % after 24...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2013 in |
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide which is widely exploited for its various applications. It has received much attention as a functional biopolymer especially in pharmaceutics and medicine because of its better biodegradability, biocompatibility, versatility and availability. The unique biological applications of chitosan are attributed to these specific properties. The chemical and biological modification of chitosan is mainly done to increase its solubility in aqueous solutions and absorbability in the in vivo system. A variety of chemical modifications are employed to modify this carbohydrate polymer. The modifications of chitosan are influenced by several factors such as molecular weight of chitosan, viscosity, reaction conditions etc. The selective biological applications include antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, excluding toxins from the intestines, reducing heavy-metal poisoning in humans, mucoadhesive haemostatic, analgesic, radio-protective properties, preventing tooth decay and tooth diseases and immunity enhancing activities. It is also widely useful in biomedical industries and food industries. The present paper reviews the current trend of investigation on various useful modifications on chitosan and their applications...
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