Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted route of drug delivery. Owing to tremendous curative benefits of the oral controlled release dosage forms are being preferred as the interesting topic in pharmaceutical field to achieved improved therapeutics advantages. Gastroretentive drug delivery system is novel drug delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also improves bioavailability of drugs. Attempt has been made to summarize important factors controlling gastroretentive drug delivery systems. This review covers the advantages, disadvantages, marketed preparation and some patents of gastroretentive drug delivery system and represents the floating and non-floating gastroretentive system and also highlights some of the current gastroretentive approaches. Recent approaches to increase the gastric residence time of drug delivery systems include bioadhesive systems, floating systems (low density systems), non-floating systems (high density systems) , magnetic systems, swelling systems, unfoldable and expandable systems, raft forming systems and superporous systems, biodegradable hydrogel...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine explains well about joint disorders like vatarakta, sandhivata, amavata etc. Among these, amavata is a disease which is caused due to hypo-functioning of digestive fire. Rheumatoid arthritis is the disease which keeps clinical similarity with amavata. Ama is main pathogenic factor in the disease amavata. Factors causing formation of ama have direct impact on gastro-intestinal system. So, GI regulation is the mainstay of Ayurvedic therapy in amavata (RA).There are mental factors too which cause formation of ama & hence the disease. Modern system of medicine uses anti-inflammatories, DMARDs, immuno-suppressive agents. But these drugs have bad impact on the quality of life & have so many side effects. In Ayurveda, there are pharmacological and bio-purificatory measures which remove the toxins (ama) from the body without any side effect. Among pharmaco-therapy there are herbal, herbo-mineral preparations & various decoctions. Ayurveda also emphasizes on healthy life style and dietary behaviour to check the pathogenesis of the disease. There are researches which prove, that an Ayurvedic line...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
The traditional Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) describes different modalities involved in the prevention and treatment of disease and stresses upon the role of diet, life style and drugs as cornerstones of therapy. Medicinal plant products are known to modify different aspects of human physiology and exert an alleviating influence on several pathophysiological states, and concepts of immunity and immune-modulation can be traced back several hundred years to the history of medicine. However, it is only in recent years that the scientific concept of immune modulation has been forwarded, and it now appears that some of the beneficial effects of Indian medicinal plants, proposed in Ayurveda by Charaka and Sushruta Samhita, may be due to these “immunomodulatory” effects. Several research groups have worked on the scientific basis of such immunomodulatory effects of plant products, and as a result, considerable data has accrued. The present review summarizes some of these experimental data in an attempt to justify some of their beneficial effects in health and disease, and also to provide...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Interferons were the first cytokines to be used therapeutically as naturally derived and as recombinant forms in humans. Their broad biological activity has resulted in clinical benefits in diseases ranging from infectious (such as viral hepatitis), autoimmune (in particular multiple sclerosis) to neoplastic (lymphomas and carcinomas). Since Interferons enhance the immune system in many ways, they are used for many diseases that involve the immune system. For example; Interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) is FDA-approved to treat hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Interferon alfa-2b is approved for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, condylomata acuminata, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma chronic hepatitis C, and chronic hepatitis B. Ribavirin combined with interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfacon-1 (Infergen), pegylated interferon alfa-2b, or pegylated interferon alpha-2a, all are approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron) and interferon beta-1a (Avonex) are approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Interferon alfa-n3 (Alferon-N) is approved for the treatment of genital and perianal warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Interferon...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants generates the oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the major cause of many diseases like cardiovascular, respiratory disease, renal diseases, neurological diseases, cancer, and aging. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients so the purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. N-acetylcysteine is an antioxidant which confers its protective effect by minimizing oxidative stress and oxidative stress associated problems. A search using the Pub Med database was conducted using the keywords N-acetylcysteine and mice heart. All research articles related to the use of N-acetylcysteine in protection of mice heart were discussed. A total of 93 articles were identified during this broad search while 30 articles were included for review recommending the N-acetylcysteine for protection of heart. This review proved that N-acetylcysteine has a positive role in management of multiple heart...
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