Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
As the conventional treatment is associated with large number of side effects, herbal treatment is gaining popularity particularly in the treatment of chronic disease like jaundice, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma etc. Herbal treatment has been identified as safe and effective in treating such disease. The aim of this study was to review systematically the evidences and effectiveness of herbs used in the treatment of different forms of arthritis and their anti‐inflammatory or anti‐arthritic properties have been evaluated clinically. A number of plants have been identified as anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic, but only few of them have evidence of clinical trial. We searched the following electronic database Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field Register; Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR); and MEDLINE for our study. The reviewed herbs appear relatively safe, further research is needed to examine their efficacy, safety and potential drug...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Pharmacogenetics (PGt) is an established discipline that studies the genetic basis of inter-individual variability in the response to drug therapy and pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug’s efficacy or toxicity. The goal of personalized medicine is to maximize the likelihood of therapeutic efficacy and to minimize the risk of drug toxicity for an individual patient. Many unexpected pharmacodynamic responses and pharmacokinetic variations among individuals during drug therapy involve genetic factors. These genetic factors contribute to variations at many levels, including drug transport, metabolism, and interaction at the receptor site. Understanding and monitoring the underlying pharmacogenetic factors will allow physicians to optimize efficacy and minimize side effects. In March 2005, the FDA released its final version of the “Guidance for Industry: Pharmacogenomic Data Submissions” clarifying what type of pharmacogenomic data needs to be submitted to the FDA. In addition, the guidance, for the first time, encourages...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Chronic systemic diseases are diseases which require long term drug therapy. Parenteral controlled drug delivery system is often used to treat these diseases. Vesicular bodies like liposome are commonly used as Parenteral controlled depot formulation. It possess disadvantage that they are rapidly removed from body by phagocytosis because they are considered as hapten. So formulating a slow release depot formulation is a challenge for pharmaceutical scientist. Erythrocytes as they are derived from human body, they serves as a potential carrier for loading drugs intended for chronic systemic diseases that require long term therapy. Erythrocytes unlike other carrier possess biocompatibility, biodegradability and have long circulation half-lives. They act as slow release depot formulation by following a zero order kinetic drug release profile and without being attack by the complement system, provided the method adopted for loading should not cause any structural deformity or disturbance in lipid packing. This review will give an insight to those researchers who wish to work with erythrocyte for using it as a slow release depot...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Pharmaceutical nanoparticles are submicron-sized, colloidal vehicles that carry drugs to the target or release drugs in a controlled way in the body. Controlled drug delivery offers advantages like reduced dosing frequency, better therapeutic control, reduced side effects, and, consequently, better patient compliance. Biodegradable polymers are utilized to prepare Nanoparticles which offers advantages like versatile degradation kinetics, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles can be prepared by various techniques & are evaluated for parameters like: Particle size, Morphological properties, Thermal properties, surface chemistry & drug release etc. Nanoparticles can be converted into dry form & formulated in various dosage forms depending on the route of application. Several marketed formulation based on controlled drug delivery are also available which is the fruitful result of the development of biodegradable polymer, newer techniques for preparation, scale up procedure & better control over all the required manufacturing...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human cultivation. There is a growing demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. A review of chemical constituents present in various parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and their pharmacological actions is given in the present article. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, is a commonly used herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Although the review articles on this plant are already published, this review article is presented to comply all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed by widely different methods. Studies indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyper glycemic properties. Various other effects like antiulcer, antiviral, antihepatotoxic, antifungal and herpes simplex have also been studies. These results are very encouraging and indicate this herb should be studies more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects. A review of chemical constituents present in various parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and their pharmacological...
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