Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Chronic systemic diseases are diseases which require long term drug therapy. Parenteral controlled drug delivery system is often used to treat these diseases. Vesicular bodies like liposome are commonly used as Parenteral controlled depot formulation. It possess disadvantage that they are rapidly removed from body by phagocytosis because they are considered as hapten. So formulating a slow release depot formulation is a challenge for pharmaceutical scientist. Erythrocytes as they are derived from human body, they serves as a potential carrier for loading drugs intended for chronic systemic diseases that require long term therapy. Erythrocytes unlike other carrier possess biocompatibility, biodegradability and have long circulation half-lives. They act as slow release depot formulation by following a zero order kinetic drug release profile and without being attack by the complement system, provided the method adopted for loading should not cause any structural deformity or disturbance in lipid packing. This review will give an insight to those researchers who wish to work with erythrocyte for using it as a slow release depot...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Pharmaceutical nanoparticles are submicron-sized, colloidal vehicles that carry drugs to the target or release drugs in a controlled way in the body. Controlled drug delivery offers advantages like reduced dosing frequency, better therapeutic control, reduced side effects, and, consequently, better patient compliance. Biodegradable polymers are utilized to prepare Nanoparticles which offers advantages like versatile degradation kinetics, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles can be prepared by various techniques & are evaluated for parameters like: Particle size, Morphological properties, Thermal properties, surface chemistry & drug release etc. Nanoparticles can be converted into dry form & formulated in various dosage forms depending on the route of application. Several marketed formulation based on controlled drug delivery are also available which is the fruitful result of the development of biodegradable polymer, newer techniques for preparation, scale up procedure & better control over all the required manufacturing...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human cultivation. There is a growing demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. A review of chemical constituents present in various parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and their pharmacological actions is given in the present article. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, is a commonly used herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Although the review articles on this plant are already published, this review article is presented to comply all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed by widely different methods. Studies indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyper glycemic properties. Various other effects like antiulcer, antiviral, antihepatotoxic, antifungal and herpes simplex have also been studies. These results are very encouraging and indicate this herb should be studies more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects. A review of chemical constituents present in various parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and their pharmacological...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Plant products such as leafs, barks, seeds etc., hold pharmacologically active moieties for drug discovery and development of semisynthetic drugs from natural products. However, as therapeutically effective these plant derived molecules may be, most herbal medicines lack in the scientific information regarding their constituents and impurities. In recent times, due to the development of chromatographic techniques, their medicinal uses are substantiated with relevant to the constituents present. Standardization of plant extract before formulation of herbal medicines and export is much needed. In the present article an attempt was made to enlist the immunomodulatory constituents from plant...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
The determination of drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids is of pivotal importance in the pharmaceutical and medical sciences. Successful analysis requires sensitivities at ppb level or even less in biological fluids with high selectivity and minimal interferences from various artifacts. Till recently, biopharmaceutical analysis relied principally on spectrophotometric assay, chromatographic methods including gas-liquid chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), GC-mass spectrometry (GS-MS), LC-MS-MS, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and related techniques. Recent trends in drug analysis are the use of electrochemical detectors coupled with LC or flow injection systems. With the considerable progress in analytical instrumentation, modern electrochemical methods are gaining popularity in determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations (10-50 ng/ml) and yet they are highly sensitive, robust and inexpensive. The electrochemical detection offers extreme selectivity as fewer electroactive interferents and moreover, only very small volume of biological sample is needed. The present review provides comprehensive information on the literature on the application of modern electrochemical methods...
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