Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Drug addiction represents one of the major medical, social, and economic burdens of human behavior. Opioids are powerful relievers; use of opioids for the treatment of pain has been associated with the potential disadvantages including development of tolerance, dependence. There are seven stages involved in opioid addiction. Identification of glial-mediated mechanism inducing opioid side effects includes cytokine receptor, κ-opioid receptor, NMDA receptor and toll like receptor (TLR). Glial activation through TLR leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines acting on neurons which is important in the complex syndrome of opioid dependence and withdrawal. Moreover, newer agents targeting these glial cell activation such as AV411, AV33, SLC022 and older agents for other diseases conditions such as minocyclline, pentoxifylline, all show varied but promising profiles for providing significant relief from opioid side...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Boswellia serrata Roxb. is known as kundur in Unani medicine, belongs to the family Burseraceae. The plant is widely distributed in India, it occurs in dry hilly forests of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Assam, Orrisa, central peninsular regions of Andhra Pradesh etc. In ancient times Hindus, Babylonians, Persians, Romans, Chinese, Greeks and the people of old American civilization used its resin primarily for embalming and for its incense in cultural functions. This herb is mentioned in traditional Unani texts as an effective remedy for bronchitis, asthma, cough, cardiovascular diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, ringworm, boils, fevers (antipyretic), skin and blood diseases, mouth sores, vaginal discharges, etc. The qualitative phytochemical study of this plant extract indicates the presence of tannin, pentosans, lignin, holocellulose, β-sitosterol, and both volatile and non-volatile oils. The volatile oils of resin such as cadinene, eleneol, gereniol, linalool, β-pinene, phenols, terpenyl acetate, bornyl acetate etc and non votalie oils like diterpene alcohol serratol, α- and β-amyrin and eight triterpenic acids, viz., Boswellic acid. It chiefly possesses anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory,...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Solid dispersions, defined as the dispersion of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient in a carrier at solid state and an efficient technique to improve dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their bioavailability. Poor water solubility is one of the major problems for the various types of drugs and various approaches have been introduced for the enhancement of solubility of such drugs. The solubility behaviour of drugs remains one of the most challenging aspects in formulation development. The number of poor water soluble compounds has dramatically increased. Currently only 10-12% of new drug candidates have both high solubility and high permeability. More than 60-65% of potent drug products suffer from poor water solubility. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means for improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. Compared to conventional formulations such as tablets or capsules, solid dispersions which can be prepared by various methods have many advantages. Few of the aspects are to be considered for...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease that has caused inestimable suffering and claimed millions of lives over the centuries. Resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have slowly emerged especially in developing countries due to the lack of health care organisation in order to provide the long and costly treatment adapted to patients. In fact, 90% of all TB cases occur in the developing world. People with HIV/AIDS are especially susceptible to tuberculosis due to lack of immune system.Tuberculosis has been treated with combination therapy for over fifty years. Drugs are not used singly (except in latent TB or chemoprophylaxis), and regimens that use only single drug result in the rapid development of resistance and treatment...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
There has been a vast growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs popularly are increasing both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin, more therapeutic effect and less side effects. Since ancient cultures, tribal people methodically collected information on herbs and developed well-defined herbal drugs for the treatment of many diseases. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Cancer grows out of normal cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when the body doesn’t need them. Mostly, cancer patients are gaining benefit from treatment with herbal medicine. This review article covers the possible mechanism of action of some of the herbal medicine and ayurvedic herbs used as anticancer...
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