Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Excitotoxicity refers to the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged & killed by glutamate or related excitatory amino acid under conditions such as after intense exposure. This occurs when receptor for the excitatory neurotransmitter such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or AMPA are over activated. Such excitotoxic neuronal death may take part in the pathogenesis of brain or spinal cord injury associated with several human disease states. Various mechanisms involving excitotoxicity have been proposed to explain the neuronal cell death characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases, including elevation of intracellular calcium, accumulation of oxidizing free radicals, impairment of mitochondrial function and activation of apoptotic...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
A survey of green synthesis of thiazines and oxazines revealed the moiety have attracted a great deal of interest of medicinal chemist, biochemist, pharmacologist and rendered as a lead molecule for designing potential bioactive agents. This review accompanying supplementary green synthetic information & its references would extend great deal of help to researchers in determining the best and most productive, economical, suggestive and clinically important compound of thiazine and oxazine derivatives which will be expected to show potent pharmacological activities. This has led to the discovery of a wide variety of compounds that are of high interest from the point of view antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antidiabetic and antidepressant effects among...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Pain perception begins with the activation of primary sensory nociceptors. Over the past decade, flourishing research has revealed that members of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channel family are fundamental molecules that detect noxious stimuli and transduce a diverse range of physical and chemical energy into action potentials in somatosensory nociceptors. Here we highlight the roles of TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8), TRP vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) and TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in the activation of nociceptors by heat and cold environmental stimuli, mechanical force and by chemicals including exogenous plant and environmental compounds as well as endogenous inflammatory molecules. The contribution of these channels to pain and somatosensation is discussed at levels ranging from whole animal behavior to molecular modulation by intracellular signaling proteins. An emerging theme is that TRP channels are not simple ion channel transducers of one or two stimuli, but instead serve as promising drug targets for the management of pain. As a result, major efforts are put into the development of...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
The use of traditional medicines of natural origin is being encouraged for the treatment of chronic disorders, as synthetic drugs in such cases may cause unpredictable adverse effects. The various strategies which have been identified to defeat drug resistance, the investigation of new and effective natural products exhibiting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms is likely to play a significant role to overcome drug resistance. The numbers of global infections produced by bacterial strains that are resistant to single and multiple antimicrobial drugs are on the rise. With emerging trends in nanotechnology it has become possible to address the problems associated with potential natural products to be developed as antimicrobial drug. Nanomaterials can improve the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, therapeutic index and specificity of plant origin drugs. By smartly designing nanoscale carriers, therapeutic value of natural products can be drastically improved, number of plant origin drugs can enter into clinical trials and antimicrobial resistance can be cured. Nanosizing led to increase solubility of components, reduction in the dose via improved absorption of...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2013 in |
Cancer spreads by metastasis which is the ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and then invade and grow in normal tissues elsewhere. It is this ability to spread to other tissues and organs that makes cancer a potentially life-threatening disease. Cancer researchers involve in the study of the conditions necessary for cancer metastasis have discovered that, the most critical event required is the growth of a new network of blood vessels. This process of forming new blood vessels is termed angiogenesis. Many angiogenic inhibitors have been identified and used for therapeutic purposes but have not proved very beneficial in terms of long-term survival. This could be due to the non-specific nature of these inhibitors which accounts for their high toxic levels. We believe the way forward is to identify angiogenic inhibitors which are specific to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or their receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3). These target specific inhibitors of angiogenesis which come with minimum toxic levels could be...
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