Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Crinum is an important and fascinating genus of the large and equally captivating Amaryllidaceae family. Owing to the valuable biological effects and therapeutic potentials of its chemical constituents, many Crinum species have a worldwide folkloric reputation. Additionally, Crinum species have been subjected to extensive chemical, cytological and pharmacological investigations. The present part of our comprehensive review work on the phytochemical and biological studies conducted on Crinum plants reviews the non-alkaloidal principles isolated up till now in addition to their distribution in different Crinum...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery and research. Due to their unique size dependent properties, lipid nanoparticles offer possibility to develop new therapeutics. The ability to incorporate drugs into nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug delivery that could use for drug targeting. Hence solid lipid nanoparticles hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery and hence attracted wide attention of researchers. This review presents a broad treatment of solid lipid nanoparticles discussing their aims, production procedures, advantages, limitations and their possible remedies. Appropriate analytical techniques for the characterization of SLN like Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry are highlighted. Aspects of SLN route of administration and the in vivo fate of the carriers are also discussed....
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
As an alternative to injection pharmaceutical researcher and scientist are trying to explore transdermal and transmucosal route over the last few years. To overcome the deficiency associated with the other route of administration buccal region of oral cavity is an alternative target for the administration of choice of drug. The disadvantages relative with the oral drug delivery is the extensive presystemic metabolism, instability in acidic medium as a result inadequate absorption of the drugs. However parental route may overcome the drawback related with the oral route but these formulations have high cost, supervision is required and least patient compliance. By the buccal route the drug are directly pass through into systemic circulation, less hepatic metabolism and high bioavailability. The aim of the review article is an overview of buccal drug delivery, anatomy of oral mucosa, mechanism of drug penetration and their in-vitro and in-vivo mucoadhesion testing...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
The effectiveness of topical therapies is limited by minimal drug permeability through the nail plate. Nail permeability is however quite low and limits topical therapy to early/mild disease states such as onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nail). Current research on nail permeation that focuses on altering the nail plate barrier by means of chemical treatments, penetration enhancers as well as physical and mechanical methods is reviewed also the recent research into ungual drug delivery is reviewed, a new method of nail sampling is examined. Topical therapy is worth pursuing however, as local action is required in many nail disorders. Drug transport into the nail plate can be assisted by filing the nail plate before topical application of drug formulations as well as by the use of chemical enhancers. Finally limitations of current ungual drug permeability studies are briefly discussed and the factors, which affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail plate such as solute molecular size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charge, and the nature of the vehicle, are then discussed, and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2013 in |
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that requires long-term or sometimes lifetime therapy. Anticonvulsant drugs are used in large quantities during long-term antiepileptic therapy and the treatment may be associated with various metabolic abnormalities in connective tissues, endocrine system and the liver. Recent evidence indicates that prolonged use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) particularly carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT) might modify some vascular risk factors; however, the influence of AED therapy on the development of atherosclerosis has been the subject of controversy and pretty unclear. Some epidemiological studies have reported a higher prevalence of ischemic vascular disease among epileptic patients on AEDs, while in other studies the mortality due to atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease in treated epileptics has been observed to be lower than in the general population. The etiology of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases in epileptic patients has not been fully clarified. Atherosclerotic vascular alterations may start early in life, this review focuses on major atherogenic risk, including disordered lipid profiles, and increased lipoprotein (a) serum levels among epileptic...
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