Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Introduction: Glaucoma valves have been used in the treatment of glaucoma in the cases where medications no longer show the appropriate results. Due to the various complications in molteno, other glaucoma valves such as Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) were introduced. Ahmed glaucoma valve has proved to be very useful in the management of glaucoma. This review thus summarizes how far AGV has been successful in the management of glaucoma. Methods: Various case studies were taken into consideration in this review. The studies were retrospective amongst which some were randomized and others non-randomized. Patients with different kind of glaucoma such as Aphakic and Neovascular were selected and implanted with AGV. The results of the success rate were then compiled and summarized. Results: AGV was found to be not a very successful implant in the management of Traumatic, Congenital and Uveitic glaucoma as compared to the Baerveldt implant. But the success was well observed in other types. It was also observed that the AGV required use of, more medications than others...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The nanoemulsion is one of the most efficient dispersed nanosystems of droplet size ranging to submicron size. Nanoemulsions/ Sub-micron emulsions (SMEs)/ Mini-emulsions are thermodynamically stable transparent or translucent dispersions of oil and water stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant and co surfactant molecules having a droplet size of less than 100 nm. This review provides brief information about method of preparation and evaluation of nanoemulsion as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. several techniques are to be used for preparation of nanoemulsions like microfluidization, high pressure homogenization, low energy emulsification and solvent evaporation method and parameter that are to be used for its characterization like droplet size analysis, viscosity determination, drug content, refractive index, pH, zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability, release and in vitro skin permeation...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Patient counseling were intended to improve adherence and maintaining quality of life. Antiretroviral adherence is the second strongest predictor of progression to AIDS and death, after CD4 count. Incomplete adherence to ART is common in all groups of treating individuals. The commonest cause of ART failure is poor adherence. Several factors associated with poor adherence include a poor patient-clinician relationship, high pill burden, forgetfulness, mental depression, lack of patient education, inability of patients to identify their medications, drug toxicity, beliefs about treatment and the impression of being too ill for treatment. Counseling steps include establishing the rapport between the patient and pharmacist, developing individual treatment plan and using of information sheets, compliance aids, leaflets can be helpful in better understanding about the ART regimen they are taking. The key to successful is educating the patient before the initiation of therapy, supporting ART initiation as the patient first starts taking medications, and continuously monitoring and supporting adherence. Using of adherence devices like pill boxes, reminders and visual medication schedules can...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Chromatography, although primarily a separation technique, is mostly employed in chemical analysis in which High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an extremely versatile technique where analytes are separated by passage through a column packed with micrometer-sized particles. Now a day reversed-phase chromatography is the most commonly used separation technique in HPLC. The reasons for this include the simplicity, versatility, and scope of the reversed-phase method as it is able to handle compounds of a diverse polarity and molecular mass. Reversed phase chromatography has found both analytical and preparative applications in the area of biochemical separation and purification. Molecules that possess some degree of hydrophobic character, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids, can be separated by reversed phase chromatography with excellent recovery and resolution. This review covers the importance of RP-HPLC in analytical method development and their strategies along with brief knowledge of critical chromatographic parameters need to be optimized for an efficient method...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Nanotechnology is an advancing technology expected to bring revolutionary changes in the field of life sciences including drug delivery, diagnostics, nutraceuticals and biomedical for implants and prosthesis. The advance in nanotechnology helps in preparing newer formulations. One of the advancement in nanotechnology is the preparation of proniosomes. A comprehensive research has done on proniosomes as a drug carrier for transdermal delivery in last few years. Approaches to stabilize niosomal drug delivery system without affecting its properties of merits have resulted in the development of the promising drug carrier, proniosomes. Proniosomes is dry formulation using suitable carrier coated with non-ionic surfactants and can be converted into niosomes immediately before use by hydration. These proniosome derived niosomes are as good as or even better than conventional niosomes. The focus of this review is to bring out different aspects related to proniosomes preparation, characterization, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, applications and...
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