Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Mitochondria are involved in different physiological and pathological processes that are crucial for tumor cell physiology, growth and survival and its dysfunction leads to many human abnormalities, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. The present review is focused on the different experimental and therapeutic cancer strategies addressed to either target mitochondria directly, or use mitochondria as mediators of apoptosis, although its total molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Therefore, the role of mitochondria in the etiology and progression of several function and explore potential therapeutic benefits of targeting mitochondria in the disease processes. Newly evolving advances in disease diagnostics and therapy will further facilitate future growth in the field of mitochondrian biology, where there is a dire need for sensitive and more affordable diagnostic tools and an urgency to develop effective therapies and identify reliable drug to predict accurately the response to a cancer therapy.These approaches to treat mitochondrial dysfunction rationally could lead to selective protection of cells in different tissues and various disease states. To...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Transdermal drug delivery system has been accepted as potential non-invasive route of drug administration, with advantages of prolonged therapeutic effect, reduced side effects, improved bioavailability, better patient compliance and easy termination of drug therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represents the most commonly used medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation, but numerous well-described side effects can limit their use. Therefore transdermal delivery of NSAIDs has advantages of avoiding hepatic first pass effect, gastric irritation and delivering the drug for extended period of time at a sustained level. The present article gives the brief view on the work been done on various NSAIDs by formulated and delivered as transdermal patches to decrease the side effects associated with the oral delivery. The various NSAIDs included in this article include Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Fluribrofen, Diclofenac, Aceclofenac, Ketorolac, Indomethacin, Meloxicam, Nimesulide, Celecoxib,...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interests in developing sustained-release systems which can prolong the therapeutic effect, decrease adverse side effects, and reduce administration frequency. Nowadays, the oral sustained-release preparations account for a larger market share comparing to other sustained-release forms, mainly because of its noninvasive pain-free administration. However, the hostile environment of gastrointestinal tract and first-pass effect may lead to low bioavailability of some drugs, such as some proteins, peptides, and hormones. In this paper, the latest research progresses of some new-model sustained-release injectable dosage forms were introduced, including microsphere, microcapsule, liposome, polymeric micelle, and in situ forming...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Lipid-based drug delivery systems in the form of triglyceride emulsions, micellar systems and liposomes have been used for parenteral administration for the last few decades. Large number of new chemical entities (NCE) presents formulation and bioavailability problems because of the dose and poor solubility in solvent and co-solvent systems. In addition, high drug concentrations can lead to irritation and pain at the site of injection. There is an increasing interest to expand the range of targetable lipid based systems to solubilize a wide variety of drugs, to improve stability, ease of processing and manufacture in a sterile form. New class of parenteral lipid based drug delivery system includes Tocol emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanosuspensions, sterically stabilized phospholipid micelles, lipid micro-bubbles and lipoprotein drug carriers. This review article covers the challenges faced by the formulation scientist at each stage of product development of lipid based drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Crinum is a genus of about 130 species belonging to family Amaryllidaceae with wide geographical distribution throughout the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate regions of the world. These plants are not only showy ornamentals but they possess significant folkloric and commercial reputation as well. Long ago, Crinums have been subjected to extensive chemical, cytological and pharmacological investigations. Phytochemical investigations have resulted in isolation of several diverse classes of phytocompounds and have been focused predominantly on alkaloids. The present part of our review work about the phytochemical, biological and toxicological studies on Crinums summarizes crinine-type alkaloids isolated up to now as well as their structural and stereochemical differences, in addition to their distribution in different Crinum...
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