Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds containing five membered 1, 2, 4-triazole nucleus has been an intresting field of study for past few decades. The five membered 1, 2, 4-triazole ring exists in two tautomeric forms i.e., 1H-1, 2, 4-triazole, 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole collectively known as s-triazoles. The s-triazole derivatives possess extensive spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antioxidant activities. The present review provides a broad view of pharmacological activity of compounds bearing 1, 2, 4-triazole nucleus. It can be useful for medicinal chemists to design and develop novel compounds consisting 1, 2, 4-triazole nucleus to get better agents in terms of efficacy and...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The eye is the most easily reachable organ available for topical drug delivery of local as well as interiorly acting drugs. Ideal drug delivery system aims to provide loading and maintenance dose of drug while being within therapeutic limits at the desired site of action for the desired period of time. In the treatment of ocular disease, the site of action is very narrow and undesired side effects may cause serious injuries to eye tissues. Thus, ideal ocular drug delivery should be site specific, controlled release and non-irritating. Many drugs (more than 85%) belong to BCS class IV exhibiting poor solubility and permeability. Moreover; the precorneal losses like tear secretion, naso-lachrymal drainage and less permeability of corneal tissue causes only 1% absorption of instilled dose. These limitations lead to increased loading dose and dosing frequency to maintain minimum therapeutic level for action which ultimately causes over exposure of drug to eye and leads to serious side effects. Due to these hurdles of conventional drug delivery system, the vesicular drug...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2012 in |
Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for treatment and management of different diseases. The plant Oxalis corniculata Linn. has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. β-sitosterol, betulin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl gallate, methoxyflavones, apigenin, and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were previously isolated from the whole plant of Oxalis corniculata.linn. The review reveals that wide ranges of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant like flavanoids, tannins, phytosterols, phenol, glycosides, fatty acids, galacto-glycerolipid and volatile oil. The leaves contain flavonoids, iso vitexine and vitexine-2”- O- beta – D- glucopyrunoside. It is rich source of essential fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and stearic acids. It has been reported that the plant contains anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiulcer, antinociceptive, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, hypolipedemic, abortificient, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. The current study is therefore reviewed to provide requisite phytochemical and pharmacological detail about the...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2012 in |
Tylophora indica is an important medicinal plant from the repository of valuable plant species of Indian subcontinent. The plant has a long reputation in curing various health ailments including asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism and other respiratory problems. Due to its vast medicinal importance, the plant is exploited on a large scale and its uncontrolled and unmonitored harvesting from the wild has categorized the plant among the endangered plant...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2012 in |
Bioequivalence needs to be established on healthy human volunteers for Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) such as Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Tinzaparin and Fondaparinux using Pharmacodynamic marker(s) for generic approval. Anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity are used to determine the activity of LMWHs (Dalteparin, Enoxaparin and Tinzaparin) and anti-Xa activity for Fondaparinux in biological samples for the assessment of its bioavailability. These are selected based on the pharmacodynamic activities of LMWHs. LMWHs exhibit their antithrombotic activity preferentially by inhibiting clotting Factor Xa, and to a lesser extent Factor IIa. On the other hand Fondaparinux is a synthetic and specific inhibitor of Factor-Xa and hence bioequivalence needs to be established for only anti-Xa activity. The pharmacodynamic data of anti-IIa activity need to be submitted for regulatory agency as supportive data of comparable therapeutic outcome for all LMWHs except Fondaparinux. In addition to the above, pharmacokinetic data of Heptest (Heparin clotting assay) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) may also serve as a supportive evidence for establishing bioequivalence of LMWH formulations as there were...
Read More
