Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Polypodium vulgare Linn. also called as Bisfaij in Unani system of medicine is a perineal fern growing to a height of 30cm. Polypodium vulgare Linn. rhizome is used in European, American, Chinese, and Unani and Ayurveda traditions. It is claimed to be efficacious in jaundice, dropsy, scurvy and combined with mallows it removes hardness of the spleen. The distilled water of the roots and leaves is considered good for ague (malarial fever), and the fresh or dried roots, mixed with honey and applied to the nose, were used in the treatment of polypus The fresh root is used in the form of decoction, or powder for melancholia and also for rheumatic swelling of the joints. The rhizome extract was found to possess anti-epileptic activity. The ecdysones present in the rhizome (0.07%-1% dry weight)was seen to act topically on a wide variety of arthropods and caused abnormal molting and death, so ecdysone analogues may be useful not only as insecticides but also miticides. The aqueous extract of Polypodium vulgare Linn....
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
The synthesis of gold nanoparticles has received considerable attention and has been a focus of research due to their high chemical and thermal stability, fascinating optical, electronic properties, and promising applications such as nanoelectronics, biomedicine, sensing, and catalysis. Different physical and chemical methods for gold nanoparticles synthesis are known but these methods are either expensive or are not eco-friendly due to use of hazardous chemicals, stringent protocol used during the process. These drawbacks necessitate the development of nonhazardous and greener methods for gold nanoparticles synthesis. Therefore, there has been tremendous excitement in the study of gold nanoparticles synthesis by using natural biological system. Microorganisms thus play a very important role in the eco-friendly and green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The inherent, clean, nontoxic and environment friendly ability of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, plants system to form the metal nanoparticles is particularly important in the development of nanobiotechnology. This review contains a brief outlook of the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using various biological resources, characterization and their potential application in...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Stomach specific drug delivery system has occupied importance due to requirement of drug for local action and for those drugs that remains unaffected due to action of gastric fluid. Oral rout is considered most natural, unpredicted, and safe due to its ease of administration, Patient acceptance and convenience. Oral controlled release delivery systems are programmed to deliver the drug in predictable time frame that will increase the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects and increase the bioavailability of drugs. In Stomach specific drug delivery system gastric retention can be achievedby forming bioadhesive system, swelling and expanding system, floating system and high density systems. In fact the buoyant dosage unit enhances gastric residence time (GRT) without affecting the intrinsic rate of emptying and gives prolonged effect of drug. Systems can remain in the gastric region for several hours and hence significantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs and reduces dosing time. In this review various types of stomach specific dosage form and their in-vitro and in-vivo parameters for evaluation...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Malaria caused mostly by P. falciparum and P. vivax, remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. The numbers of antimalarial drugs in use are very small. Drug toxicity must be acceptable to patients and should cause less harm than the disease itself. Assessment of hazard and risk varies throughout drug development as more persons are exposed for longer periods of time and more nonclinical information on the hazard is collected and evaluated. Cancer risk for human pharmaceuticals is important because drugs are taken at pharmacologically active doses and often on a chronic basis. Epidemiologic studies on patient populations have limited value because of the long latency period for most cancers and because these studies lack sensitivity. Besides the mutagenicity and genotoxicity testing of antimalarial drugs as a part of pre-clinical trials, there are several literatures confirming the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of marketed antimalarial drugs. Genetic abnormalities may also play a part in the incidence and severity of adverse reactions to drugs. In this paper, a...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) result from the organized assembly of sufficiently insoluble surfactants in aqueous media. The low cost of ingredients and manufacture, possibility of large-scale production, stability and the resultant ease of storage of niosomes have led to the exploitation of these nano carriers as alternatives to other micro and nano-encapsulation technologies. Niosomes are an already established encapsulation technology in different areas including food, biotechnology, cosmetics and pharmaceutics. This article reviews general properties of niosomes along with recent trends in their preparation methods and their applications in the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents via different routes....
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