Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interests in developing sustained-release systems which can prolong the therapeutic effect, decrease adverse side effects, and reduce administration frequency. Nowadays, the oral sustained-release preparations account for a larger market share comparing to other sustained-release forms, mainly because of its noninvasive pain-free administration. However, the hostile environment of gastrointestinal tract and first-pass effect may lead to low bioavailability of some drugs, such as some proteins, peptides, and hormones. In this paper, the latest research progresses of some new-model sustained-release injectable dosage forms were introduced, including microsphere, microcapsule, liposome, polymeric micelle, and in situ forming...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Lipid-based drug delivery systems in the form of triglyceride emulsions, micellar systems and liposomes have been used for parenteral administration for the last few decades. Large number of new chemical entities (NCE) presents formulation and bioavailability problems because of the dose and poor solubility in solvent and co-solvent systems. In addition, high drug concentrations can lead to irritation and pain at the site of injection. There is an increasing interest to expand the range of targetable lipid based systems to solubilize a wide variety of drugs, to improve stability, ease of processing and manufacture in a sterile form. New class of parenteral lipid based drug delivery system includes Tocol emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanosuspensions, sterically stabilized phospholipid micelles, lipid micro-bubbles and lipoprotein drug carriers. This review article covers the challenges faced by the formulation scientist at each stage of product development of lipid based drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Crinum is a genus of about 130 species belonging to family Amaryllidaceae with wide geographical distribution throughout the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate regions of the world. These plants are not only showy ornamentals but they possess significant folkloric and commercial reputation as well. Long ago, Crinums have been subjected to extensive chemical, cytological and pharmacological investigations. Phytochemical investigations have resulted in isolation of several diverse classes of phytocompounds and have been focused predominantly on alkaloids. The present part of our review work about the phytochemical, biological and toxicological studies on Crinums summarizes crinine-type alkaloids isolated up to now as well as their structural and stereochemical differences, in addition to their distribution in different Crinum...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
L-Asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1.), also known as L-asparagine amidohydrolase is the enzyme with anti-tumor activity and is well accepted as a chemotherapeutic agent against the acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. This article has briefly touched nearly all the industrial and clinical aspects of L-Asparaginase and provides the recent update of the topic. The article includes a brief introduction to the topics, mechanism of action, a little information about the structure, sources of enzyme, purification, optimum conditions for the enzyme production, recombinant strains for higher productivity and formulation of the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2012 in |
Helminthiasis is infestation with one or more intestinal parasitic worms roundworms, whipworms , or hookworms in humans and animals. Presently, many synthetic drugs are available to treat Helminthiasis infection effectively, but suffer from number of side effects like abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, or temporary hair loss. Moreover, drug resistance is also another factor concerned with the use of these drugs. Thus, Herbal drugs need to be introduced as large number of medicinal plants are known for their antihelmintic activity with fewer or no side effects and are used by the ethnic groups across different parts of the world. But these medicinal plants need to be screened first for their in vitro and in vivo activity before putting them in use. Thus, many of these herbs have been scrutinized for their pharmacological and pre clinical studies. The present article describes review of promising in vitro efficacy of some medicinal plants having antihelmintic activity, which can be helpful in investigation and discovery of novel herbal...
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