Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Anticoagulants are a class of drugs commonly used to prevent the blood from forming dangerous clots that could result in a stroke.Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant. Warfarin differs from most other drugs in that the dosage required to achieve a desired therapeutic effect varies greatly among individuals. Resistance to warfarin has been described as the inability to prolong the prothrombin time or raise the international normalized ratio (INR) into the therapeutic range when the drug is given at normally prescribed doses. However, a higher warfarin requirement does not itself establish the diagnosis of warfarin resistance. Warfarin resistance can be classified as acquired versus hereditary. It can be diagnosed by laboratory studies and can be...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Vinpocetine, a semisynthetic derivative alkaloid of Vincamine, an extract from the periwinkle (plant) Vinca minor is the first full-fledged nootropic (a supplement positively affecting the mind). Vinpocetine is safe and non-toxic with an amazing array of functional and structural benefits for improved health. Vinpocetine appears to improve a person’s ability to acquire new memories and to restore memories that have been lost. Vinpocetine has several pharmacologic and biochemical actions, including stimulating cerebral vasodilation, increasing tolerance of cerebral tissue to hypoxic and ischemic insults, anticonvulsant activity, inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterase (PDE), improving hematologic flow properties, and inhibiting thrombocyte aggregation. It also appears to provide direct neuroprotective effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In a sense, Vinpocetine is Viagra® for the brain. These effects appear to be related to the inhibition of voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, indirect inhibition of some molecular cascades initiated by the rise of intracellular calcium levels, and to a lesser extent, inhibition of adenosine reuptake. These neuroprotective effects might also be enhanced by vinpocetine’s selective inhibition...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
The global pharmaceutical industry “looks like the epitome of a modern, mature industry that has found a comfortable way to make profits by the billion: it’s global, hi-tech, and has the ultimate customer, the health care budget of the world’s richest countries. A number of factors contributed to the globalization of the pharmaceutical industry. Chief among these are the convergence of medical science and practice under the influence of modern communication technology and increased and information exchange. The global success of the Swiss pharmaceutical industry is only due to the high level of investment in research and development and the other fact is the favorable regulatory frame work. For the development of a new drug and generics pharmaceutical company have to face number of regulatory challenges such as bioequivalence, patent expiry, newer antibiotics ,and the complexity involved in the regulated market etc. Regulatory processes are also undergoing international harmonization. As international market becomes more important, pharmaceutical companies will require greater corporation among national regulators to get life saving products...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties, making them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other fields of material science as well as potential uses in architectural fields. They have unique electronic, mechanical, optical and chemical properties that make them good candidates for a wide variety of applications, including drug transporters, new therapeutics, delivery systems and diagnostics. Their unique surface area, stiffness, strength and resilience have led to much excitement in the field of pharmacy. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes, multiple walled nanotubes. Various techniques have been developed to produce nanotubes in sizeable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition. They can pass through membranes, carrying therapeutic drugs, vaccines and nucleic acids deep into the cell to targets previously unreachable. Purification of the tubes can be divided into a couple of main techniques: oxidation, acid treatment, annealing, sonication, filtering and functionalization techniques. The main problem of insolubility in aqueous media has been solved by developing a synthetic protocol that allows...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2012 in |
Osteoporosis is a major growing public health problem with impact that crosses medical, social, and economic lines. Osteoporosis in older women is the 2nd most cause of death in America thus it is one of the essential area to be understand in medical science and need to update time to time. The objective of the present review is to update all aspect of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, including current etiology, diagnostic methods, calculator of osteoporotic risk fators (FRAX), laboratory evaluation methods and biomarkers, drug therapy & newly approved drugs along with those under clinical...
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