Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Stomach specific drug delivery system has occupied importance due to requirement of drug for local action and for those drugs that remains unaffected due to action of gastric fluid. Oral rout is considered most natural, unpredicted, and safe due to its ease of administration, Patient acceptance and convenience. Oral controlled release delivery systems are programmed to deliver the drug in predictable time frame that will increase the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects and increase the bioavailability of drugs. In Stomach specific drug delivery system gastric retention can be achievedby forming bioadhesive system, swelling and expanding system, floating system and high density systems. In fact the buoyant dosage unit enhances gastric residence time (GRT) without affecting the intrinsic rate of emptying and gives prolonged effect of drug. Systems can remain in the gastric region for several hours and hence significantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs and reduces dosing time. In this review various types of stomach specific dosage form and their in-vitro and in-vivo parameters for evaluation...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Malaria caused mostly by P. falciparum and P. vivax, remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. The numbers of antimalarial drugs in use are very small. Drug toxicity must be acceptable to patients and should cause less harm than the disease itself. Assessment of hazard and risk varies throughout drug development as more persons are exposed for longer periods of time and more nonclinical information on the hazard is collected and evaluated. Cancer risk for human pharmaceuticals is important because drugs are taken at pharmacologically active doses and often on a chronic basis. Epidemiologic studies on patient populations have limited value because of the long latency period for most cancers and because these studies lack sensitivity. Besides the mutagenicity and genotoxicity testing of antimalarial drugs as a part of pre-clinical trials, there are several literatures confirming the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of marketed antimalarial drugs. Genetic abnormalities may also play a part in the incidence and severity of adverse reactions to drugs. In this paper, a...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
Nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) result from the organized assembly of sufficiently insoluble surfactants in aqueous media. The low cost of ingredients and manufacture, possibility of large-scale production, stability and the resultant ease of storage of niosomes have led to the exploitation of these nano carriers as alternatives to other micro and nano-encapsulation technologies. Niosomes are an already established encapsulation technology in different areas including food, biotechnology, cosmetics and pharmaceutics. This article reviews general properties of niosomes along with recent trends in their preparation methods and their applications in the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents via different routes....
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
A number of prenylated benzoic acids derivatives with interesting biological activities have been previously isolated and characterized from different species of piperaceae family. Several Piper species contained structurally similar compounds with diverse biological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, insecticidal as well as anti-parasitic all of which produces compounds that can be classified as prenylated benzoic acid derivatives. Piper sp has proven to serve as a source of potential anti-infective agents by developing a biosynthetic route to the synthesis of prenylated benzoic acids derivative natural products as their chemical defense system. Despite the frequent isolation of these interesting compounds with strong biological activity, yet none have been taking into consideration for development into therapeutic...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
A prebiotic is a living microorganism that, when administered in sufficient numbers is beneficial to the host and exerts health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition. Prebiotics include foods, medicines and dietary supplements. In general, the benefits of the regular consumption of prebiotics include enhanced immune function, improved colonic integrity, decreased incidence and duration of intestinal infections, down-regulated allergic response, and improved digestion and elimination. Pharmaceutical and nutritional industries are exploring more natural treatments for health conscious consumers as natural treatments have been effective since immemorial and are staging a comeback and natural ‘renaissance’ is happening all over the...
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