Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Novel biomarker identification and drug target validation are highly complex and resource-intensive processes, requiring an integral use of various tools, approaches and information. The recently developed proteomic technology features high-throughput parallel analysis of thousands of proteins in individual patients and amount populations and thus opens up the possibility of providing more details at a global level on the molecular mechanisms. With regularly updated public databases, bioinformatics can contribute to these processes by providing functional information of target candidates and correlating this information to the biological pathways. In this review, we outline recent advances of bioinformatic application in proteomic research on biomarker discovery and drug target validation. Specifically, we highlight how bioinformatics can facilitate the proteomic studies of biomarker identification and drug target validation, rating valuable data for the development of new drug candidates. Chemoinformatics has evolved over the last 30 years into a scientific discipline that now is in full bloom. It covers many areas such as chemical structure representation, chemical reaction manipulation, data processing and data analysis, property...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
The control of cancer, the second largest cause of death in the world, may benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The primary carcinogens stem from a variety of agricultural, industrial, and dietary factors. A number of natural products have been implicated as anticancer agents. Many anticancer molecules such as vincristine, vinblastine, combretastatins, taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, etc. have been isolated from plants and many of them have been structurally modified to yield better analogues for better anticancer activity with minimum toxicity. Several successful molecules like etoposide, topotecan, irinotecan, teniposide, etc. also have emerged as drugs upon modification of these natural leads and many more are yet to come. Thus there is more need to utilise alternative concept and approaches for prevention of cancer. This review focused on natural products has been implicated in cancer prevention and promoting human...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Most of the drugs in the developmental pipeline are emerging from the High-Throughput Screening methodology resulting in increased molecular weights and thus consequential bioavailability problems. The bioavailability issue can be due to insufficient solubility of permeability. Most compounds face the solubility problems. Hence, with the advancement of chemical science, the need of development of pharmaceutical technologies is also increasing. Pharmaceutical approaches to correct the bioavailability are definitely being cost-effective in comparison with chemical approaches which are also time-consuming. Hence various methods of solubility enhancement are being developed. Each technique is with several merits and demerits. To tackle the disadvantages of conventional approaches, newer techniques are developed by many researchers. In this review, an attempt of comparing the conventional and novel techniques is...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. GPCRs are involved in a wide variety of important physiological processes like visual sense, sense of smell, behavioral and mood regulation, regulation of immune system activity and inflammation, autonomic nervous system transmission and cell density sensing. There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein-linked receptors, cAMP signal pathway and Phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. One of the reasons for the growing public health concern over the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in society is its association with the growing incidence...
Read More
Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Nanoemulsions are submicron sized emulsions that are under investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. These are the thermodynamically stable isotropic system in which two immiscible liquids are mixed to form a single phase by means of appropriate surfactant and cosurfactant. Nanoemulsion droplet sizes fall typically in the range of 20-200nm and shows narrow size distribution. In this review attention is focused to give the brief regarding formulation aspect, method of preparation characterization techniques, evaluation parameters and various application of the nanoemulsions, several techniques are to be used for preparation of nanoemulsions like microfluidization, high pressure homogenization, low energy emulsification and solvent evaporation method and parameter that are to be used for its characterization like droplet size analysis ,viscosity determination, drug content, refractive index, pH, zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability, release and in vitro skin permeation study. These are applicable in drug...
Read More
