Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2011 in |
Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cellular membranes is associated with changes in physicochemical properties and impairment of protein functions located in membrane environment. Recent studies shows involvement of LPO in biological signaling and various diseases. Lipids are oxidized by three distinct mechanisms: enzymatic oxidation; non-enzymatic, free radical-mediated oxidation and non-enzymatic, non radical oxidation. Lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to free radical-initiated oxidation and can participate in chain reactions that increase damage to biomolecules. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites have variety of physiological roles including: energy provision, membrane structure, cell signaling and regulation of gene expression. The present manuscript reviews concept of LPO with emphasis on implication in various...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Now a days, various routes of administration have been explored for the effective delivery of the drug to the target site. The oral route is considered to be most convenient for the administration of drugs to patients. But it has a serious drawback in conditions where localized delivery of the drug in the colon is required. Colon target aimed mainly because of less enzymatic activity, longer transit time so it is suitable to deliver the protien and peptide drugs. It also have drawbacks like less water content, presence of fecal content. Different approaches are designed based on prodrug formulation, pH-sensitivity, time-dependency (lag time), microbial degradation and osmotic pressure etc to formulate the different dosage forms like tablets, capsules, multiparticulates, microspheres, liposomes for colon targeting. The efficiency of drug delivery system is evaluated using different in vitro and in vivo release studies.This review updated the research on different approaches for formulation and evaluation of colon-specific drug delivery systems...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Bi-layer tablets have been developed to achieve controlled delivery of different drugs with pre-defined release profiles. In the last decade, interest in developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single dosage form (bilayer tablet) has increased in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patient convenience and compliance. Bilayer tablets can be a primary option to avoid chemical incompatibilities between API by physical separation, and to enable the development of different drug release profiles (immediate release with extended release). Despite their advantages, due to the use of different materials and complex geometric boundaries between the adjacent layers, the mechanical structures of this drug delivery system have become quite intricate, requiring complicated tablet architectures as well as patient-friendly. Bilayer tablets offer definite advantages over conventional release formulation of the same drug. Several pharmaceutical companies are currently developing bi-layer tablets. For a variety of reasons: patent extension, therapeutic, marketing to name a few. To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Novel biomarker identification and drug target validation are highly complex and resource-intensive processes, requiring an integral use of various tools, approaches and information. The recently developed proteomic technology features high-throughput parallel analysis of thousands of proteins in individual patients and amount populations and thus opens up the possibility of providing more details at a global level on the molecular mechanisms. With regularly updated public databases, bioinformatics can contribute to these processes by providing functional information of target candidates and correlating this information to the biological pathways. In this review, we outline recent advances of bioinformatic application in proteomic research on biomarker discovery and drug target validation. Specifically, we highlight how bioinformatics can facilitate the proteomic studies of biomarker identification and drug target validation, rating valuable data for the development of new drug candidates. Chemoinformatics has evolved over the last 30 years into a scientific discipline that now is in full bloom. It covers many areas such as chemical structure representation, chemical reaction manipulation, data processing and data analysis, property...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
The control of cancer, the second largest cause of death in the world, may benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The primary carcinogens stem from a variety of agricultural, industrial, and dietary factors. A number of natural products have been implicated as anticancer agents. Many anticancer molecules such as vincristine, vinblastine, combretastatins, taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, etc. have been isolated from plants and many of them have been structurally modified to yield better analogues for better anticancer activity with minimum toxicity. Several successful molecules like etoposide, topotecan, irinotecan, teniposide, etc. also have emerged as drugs upon modification of these natural leads and many more are yet to come. Thus there is more need to utilise alternative concept and approaches for prevention of cancer. This review focused on natural products has been implicated in cancer prevention and promoting human...
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