Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2011 in |
Buccal controlled drug delivery system has been developed since the environment of the oral cavity provides potential sites for drug delivery. The acid hydrolysis and first pass effects can be avoided. The release of drug can be affected by continuous secretion of saliva. The mucin film exists in oral mucosa offers an opportunity to develop mucoadhesive system, which retain at absorption site for prolonged time by mucoadhesive binding. The close contact with absorption membrane causes more absorption of the drug. The pH of buccal cavity ranges between 5-7, and does not cause any problem to the drug with the right dosage form design and formulation; the permeability and the local environment of the mucosa can be controlled and manipulated in order to accommodate drug permeation. Buccal drug delivery is a promising area for continued research with the aim of systemic delivery of orally inefficient drugs as well as a feasible and attractive alternative for non-invasive delivery of potent peptide and protein drug molecules. The objective of this article is...
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Posted by admin on Dec 10, 2010 in |
Asthma is disease of the human respiratory system in which the airways constrict and become narrow, often in response to a “trigger” such as exposure to an allergen, cold air, exercise or emotional stress. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, asthma prevalence is predicted to increase more rapidly in the coming years. Despite the availability of a wide range of drugs for the treatment of asthma, the relief offered by them is mainly symptomatic and short lived. Moreover the side effects of these drugs are also quite disturbing. Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. The importance of herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma is indisputable. Four of the five classes of drugs currently used to treat asthma namely; β2-agonists, anticholinergics, methylxanthines and cromones have origins in herbal treatments going back at least 5000 years. In the present article an attempt has been made to review...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are aqueous colloidal dispersions, the matrix of which comprises of solid biodegradable lipids. They are introduced in 1990 as an alternative carrier system to traditional colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes and polymeric micro- and nanoparticles. SLN combine advantages of the traditional systems but avoid some of their major disadvantages. They exhibit major advantages such as modulated release, improved bioavailability, protection of chemically labile molecules like retinol, peptides from degradation, cost effective excipients, improved drug incorporation and wide application spectrum. This paper presents an overview about the selection of the ingredients, different ways of SLN production, drug incorporation and release, characterization of SLN quality and structure, Sterilization, storage and stability of SLN dispersions and SLN...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
Gene transfer represents a relatively new way for the treatment of rare genetic disorders by changing the expression of a person’s genes. Electroporation is a mechanical method of gene transfer used to introduce polar molecules such as DNA, RNA and Peptides (Heparin, Insulin) into a host cell through the cell membrane. In this procedure, a large electric pulse temporarily disturbs the phospholipid bilayer, allowing molecules like DNA to pass into the cell. With careful control of the strength of the electrical field and the duration of the cell’s exposure to it, the pores will reseal themselves after a short period of time. There are nine ways for gene transfer: 1. Electroporation; 2. Lipid mediated method; 3. Chemical mediated gene transfer; 4. Microinjection; 5. Biolistics; 6. Viral vectors; 7. Transformation; 8. Conjunction; 9. Gene Transfection enhanced by elevated temperature. Among a number of techniques using lipid, viruses or specialty reagents may be cytotoxic, labor intensive and costly while, Electroporation is a simple, inexpensive, safe, non toxic and non viral method....
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) established itself as an integral part of novel drug delivery systems which employ a structure as a reservoir for the drugs. A number of drugs have reached the market in transdermal delivery form that has become an increasingly acceptable mode for administration of prescription and nonprescription drugs. Transdermal drug delivery system possesses many advantages over conventional modes of drug administration. Ketorolac when combined with tromethamine forms a salt (‘ketorolac tromethamine’), which has a greater aqueous solubility than ketorolac. Ketorolac tromethamine is a Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug useful for short-term management of moderate to severe pain. Ketorolac tromethamine has high analgesic and anti-inflammatory potency; administered orally. The focus of this review article is to bring out different aspect related with the administration and its future impacts on human body after administration of ketorolac in transdermal drug delivery...
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