Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Collecting blood from Lab animals is necessary for a wide variety of scientific studies, and there are a number of efficient methods available. It is important to remember that blood collection can stress the animals, and may have an impact on the outcome of research data. Potential adverse affects viz. Hypovolemic shock, anemia, stress, haemorrhage, bruising, thrombosis; infection at the site of needle entry, phlebitis, scarring, and nerve damage should be avoided. It is essential to be able to recognize the clinical signs of shock and to take appropriate action. The purpose of this article is to review the different methods of blood collection, their advantages, limitations, monitoring, restraints, possible adverse effects, their prevention and control in laboratory rodents....
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
A phytotherapeutic approach to modern drug development can provide many invaluable drugs from traditional medicinal plants. Search for pure phytochemicals as drugs is time consuming and expensive. Numerous plants and polyherbal formulations are used for the treatment of liver diseases. However, in most of the severe cases, the treatments are not satisfactory. Although experimental evaluations were carried out on a good number of these plants and formulations, the studies were mostly incomplete and insufficient. The therapeutic values were tested against a few chemicals-induced subclinical levels of liver damages in rodents. Even common dietary antioxidants can provide such protection from liver damage caused by oxidative mechanisms of toxic chemicals. However, experiments have clearly shown that plants such as Picrorrhiza kurroa, Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Silibum marianum, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis and Trichopus zeylanicus are sufficiently active against, at least, certain hepatotoxins. Screening plants for antihepatitis activities remains in its infancy. P.kurroa, E. alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, A. paniculata and P. amarus are likely to be active against Hepatitis B virus. In the case...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
The word herb, as used in herbal medicine, is also known as botanical medicine or as Phytotherapy or Phytomedicine which means a plant or plant part is used to make medicine to assist in the healing process during illness and disease. So there are many herbal remedies individually or in combination have been recommended in various medicinal treatises for the cure of different diseases. It contains various phytoconstituents belonging to alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, fixed oils, and carbohydrates. The roots of Pongamia pinnata are good for cleaning foul ulcers, cleaning teeth, strengthening gums and gonorrhoea. The root paste is used for local application in scrofulous enlargement. The fresh bark of Pongamia pinnata is sweet and mucilaginous to taste, soon become bitter and acrid. It is antihelmintic and useful in beri-beri, ophthalmology, dermatopathy, vaginopathy, and ulcers. Leaves of Pongamia pinnata are digestive, laxative, antihelmintic and are good for diarrhea, leprosy, dyspepsia and cough. Flowers are useful to quench dipsia in diabetes and for alleviating vata and kapha. The seeds are antihelmintic,...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
A growing interest in usage of cosmetics has created the need for greater precision in evaluation and has stimulated research into cosmetic medicine. Ocular irritation testing represents an important step in the safety evaluation of cosmetic products. The objective of this study was to introduce a method of assessing ocular irritancy in human subjects and to illustrate the significance of a new expanded grading system, designed by Kanengiser, for the precise evaluation of ocular lesions and quantitative assessment of ocular surface responses to cosmetic products. Evaluation procedure is carried out using acute instillation method. A scoring scale for Palpebral Conjunctival Irritation, Eyelid Irritation, Lachrymation, Subjective Irritation, Bulbar Conjunctival Irritation, Corneal Abnormalities, Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctival, Caruncular, and Corneal Fluorescein Ophthalmic Staining was designed by Kanengiser & observations are interpreted graphically. From the observations it is evident that frequency of occurrence of adverse events is minimal in the human ocular instillation studies. The area of corneal fluorescein staining was judged on a 0 to +4 scale using the same terminology...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2011 in |
Post stroke depression is most commonly faced psychiatric challenge, causing severe disability. Post stroke depression (PSD) occurs in nearly one-third patients either during acute/chronic stroke period. It’s often under-diagnosed. A good diagnosis must be done within one month after stroke, based on self-reporting tools, followed by observer-rated interview. Mechanism is multifactorial, presently best supported by biopsychosocial model. Upcoming approaches are genetic based and cytokine theory. About 10% PSD patients face mortality. There is a huge negative biological and psychosocial impact of PSD. Currently, pharmacological and non-pharmacological way-outs are used to manage the PSD. However, precise and timely done evaluation aided by proper therapy and utmost care is also required, under the supervision of a multidisciplinary health...
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