Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2011 in |
Graphite is made up of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, like chicken wire (see fi the term nanotube is normally used to refer to the carbon nanotube, which has received enormous attention from researchers over the last few years and promises, along with close relatives such as the nanohorn, a host of interesting applications. The theoretical minimum diameter of a carbon nanotube is around 0.4 nanometers, which is about as long as two silicon atoms side by side, and nanotubes this size have been made. Average diameters tend to be around the 1.2 nanometer mark, depending on the process used to create them. Carbon nanotubes are extremely thin (their diameter is about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair), hollow cylinders made of carbon atoms. Biological systems are known to be highly transparent to 700- to 1, 100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. It is shown here that the strong optical absorbance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in this special spectral window, an intrinsic property of SWNTs,...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2011 in |
Drug delivery is an interdisciplinary area of research that aims at making the administration of complex new drugs feasible, as well as adding critical value to the drug that are currently in the market. At present, one of the most attractive areas of research in drug delivery is the design of ‘Nano drug delivery systems’ that are able to deliver drugs to the right place, at appropriate time. In the present review article different nano carriers are explained (Nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanocrystals, nanoemulsion, dendrimers, polymeric micelles and nanotubes). Nanostructured drug carriers allow for the delivery of drugs not only small-molecule drugs but also the delivery of nucleic acids and proteins. Delivery of these molecules to specific areas within the body can be achieved, which will reduce systemic side effects and allow for more efficient use of the drug. These nano carriers are able to protect associated drug against degradation and facilitate its transport across critical and specific barriers. Some of them are further able to release the drug to the...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2011 in |
Female infertility is the major disorder which has altered the man kind foe lack of conception and reproducibility, stressful world, excess radiation, lack of biological food, genetically disorder ,changing life style, increased electronic discharge have resulted the female infertility. Infertility/ childlessness cause great personal suffering & distress. Most of this agony & misery is hidden from the public gaze. That is the reason this topic is not discussed about openly. The dismal ignorance & neglect about the causes of childlessness and its treatment are main reason for the lack of public support for childless couple. Female fertility can be limited or diminished or destroyed in a number of ways. Women have a finite number of germs cells and follicles that are available for a limited period, from menarche to menopause, during their lifetimes. The process of ovulation is mediated by the interactions of hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian hormones. Interference with ovulation can occur at any one or combinations of these sites. The oviducts can be distorted or blocked by...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2011 in |
Buccal controlled drug delivery system has been developed since the environment of the oral cavity provides potential sites for drug delivery. The acid hydrolysis and first pass effects can be avoided. The release of drug can be affected by continuous secretion of saliva. The mucin film exists in oral mucosa offers an opportunity to develop mucoadhesive system, which retain at absorption site for prolonged time by mucoadhesive binding. The close contact with absorption membrane causes more absorption of the drug. The pH of buccal cavity ranges between 5-7, and does not cause any problem to the drug with the right dosage form design and formulation; the permeability and the local environment of the mucosa can be controlled and manipulated in order to accommodate drug permeation. Buccal drug delivery is a promising area for continued research with the aim of systemic delivery of orally inefficient drugs as well as a feasible and attractive alternative for non-invasive delivery of potent peptide and protein drug molecules. The objective of this article is...
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Posted by admin on Dec 10, 2010 in |
Asthma is disease of the human respiratory system in which the airways constrict and become narrow, often in response to a “trigger” such as exposure to an allergen, cold air, exercise or emotional stress. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, asthma prevalence is predicted to increase more rapidly in the coming years. Despite the availability of a wide range of drugs for the treatment of asthma, the relief offered by them is mainly symptomatic and short lived. Moreover the side effects of these drugs are also quite disturbing. Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. The importance of herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma is indisputable. Four of the five classes of drugs currently used to treat asthma namely; β2-agonists, anticholinergics, methylxanthines and cromones have origins in herbal treatments going back at least 5000 years. In the present article an attempt has been made to review...
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