Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2010 in |
The route of choice for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases is by the topical route because of the blood ocular barrier. The most commonly utilized conventional preparations of ophthalmic dosage forms are the solutions, suspensions and ointments which are relatively inefficient as therapeutic systems. Following administration, a large proportion of the topically applied drug is immediately diluted in the tear film and excess fluid spills over the lid margin and the remainder is rapidly drained into the nasolacrimal duct so required amount of drug is not available for immediate therapeutic action since it binds to the surrounding extra orbital tissues. In view of these losses, frequent topical administration is necessary to maintain adequate drug levels. Systemic administration of a drug to treat ocular disease would require a high concentration of circulating drug in the plasma to achieve therapeutic levels. By using prolonged drug delivery, the duration of drug action can be remarkably prolonged and also the frequency of drug administration can be reduced. Such a drug delivery can be...
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Posted by admin on Feb 2, 2010 in |
In recent years Phosphatidylcholine has greatly impacted the drug delivery technology. The very first and most important advantage of phospholipid based vesicular system is the compatibility of phospholipids with membrane of human either internal membrane as well as skin (external membrane). For a drug to be absorbed and distributed into organs and tissues and eliminated from the body, it must pass through one or more biological membranes/ barriers at various locations. Such a movement of drug across the membrane is called as drug transport. For the drugs to be delivered to the body should cross the membranous barrier. Either it would be from oral route or topical/transdermal route. Therefore the phospholipid based carrier systems are of considerable interest in this era. A number of drug delivery systems are based entirely on Phosphatidylcholine such as Liposome, Ethosome, Phytosome, Transferosomes, and...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2010 in |
Herbs and herbal drugs have created interest among the people by its clinically proven effects like immunomodulation, adaptogenic and antimutagenic. Also, the overuse of synthetic drugs, which results in higher incidence of adverse drug reactions, has motivated humans to return to nature for safe remedies. The problem of urinary stones or calculi is a very ancient one and many remedies have been employed during the ages these stones are found in all parts of the urinary tract, the kidney, the ureters and the urinary bladder and may vary considerably in size. In the present article, an attempt has been made to emphasis on herbal option for urinary stone....
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2010 in |
Multiple sclerosis affects around 2.5 million people worldwide it is one of the most common neurological disorders and cause of disability of young adults, especially in Europe and North America. There is a lack of epidemiological studies from Asia where the prevalence is reported to be low, though, with the availability of more neurologists and magnetic resonance imaging, a larger number of patients are being diagnosed. MS is a slowly progressive, immunologically mediated disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammation and demyelination of white matter in the brain and spinal cord. A triad of symptoms clinically characterize Multiple sclerosis: changes in sensation, muscle weakness, ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, visual problems, fatigue, acute or chronic pain, bladder and bowel difficulties. The diagnosis of MS is made on the basis of the clinical signs and symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other laboratory tests playing a supportive role. All tests are non specific and only provide supportive evidence for diagnosis. The effective management of multiple sclerosis is complex and draws on many disciplines,...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2010 in |
Diabetes and its different types is an age old disease for clinicians since centuries. Many aspects of Diabetes needs to be explored with respect to physiological actions of insulin and the various clinical features of this disease such as tissue complication , since this is life style disease , so proper treatment in relation to diet and anti diabetic agents is emphasized In fact, herbal treatment for diabetes is not new. Plants and plant extracts were used to combat the disease as early as 1550 B.C., with as many as 400 “prescribed” before the development earlier this century of effective medications to control diabetes. In this paper an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain Indian plants with their phytoconstituents and mechanism of action which have been studied for their antidiabetic activity....
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