Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Lead comes in a category of toxic heavy metal which acts as a pollutant when present in high concentration in the environment and cause severe effects on the human body. Due to its continuous use its level increases and serves as a serious threat for the society. Lungs and skin are the first organs which get affected by Lead toxicity. Lungs are the most important and sensitive part of human therefore the toxic effects of lead toxicity on lungs cause severe damage. Garlic (Allium sativum) with medicinal properties is being used for various human ailments since ancient times. Due to its anti-cancerous, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities helps in reducing the lead toxicity in the lungs as well. Garlic is rich in many components such as sulphur compounds, amino acids, vitamins, protein, trace elements thereby making it a potent therapeutic agent. Since, the therapeutic properties of garlic has not been considered up to its best possible level against heavy metal toxicity therefore, this article presents the toxicity of Lead on...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Immunotherapy is among cancer immunology’s fastest and most furious treatment strategies. The therapeutic perspective of checkpoint inhibitors is represented through the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for their implementation in various malignancies. Efforts to improve results with immunotherapeutic agents have led to the design of advanced treatment strategies. Current pre-clinical evidence estimating immune checkpoint inhibitors in several cancer cell lines has recommended that combinatorial approaches may have better survival results than monotherapy. Experimental trials evaluating combined therapy with anti-PD-1/ PD-L1 plus anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors have reported considerable leads in survival indices over single immunotherapy. The therapeutic prospective of combinatorial approaches is focused on nivolumab with ipilimumab for advanced melanoma patients. Combined checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies is being estimated for broadly cancer histological...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
With a threshold of 3 DSM-1, rice is one of the crops that are most sensitive to salt. Salinity in agricultural areas is primarily brought on by the overuse of irrigation water that is overly salty. The early vegetative and seedling stages of rice are the most vulnerable to salt stress, followed by the reproductive phases. When osmotic stress inhibits root water uptake, too much salt in the soil hurts plant growth, development, and productivity. Direct salt buildup impairs metabolic functions and all key morphological-physiological and yield-related features, drastically reducing yield. To investigate the cellular basis of the response to salt stress, extensive analysis involving physiological or biochemical assays and gene expression studies under high salt regimes is reviewed and contrasted with an aromatic salt-sensitive (Chinigura) and non-aromatic salt tolerant (IET 4786) rice variety. The detrimental effects of salinity stress were most evident in Chinigura, where the root-to-shoot ratio was higher, chlorophyll degeneration was more severe, foliar concentrations of Na+ ions were higher, and peroxide content increased most after...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common chronic liver condition, is high in developed nations. One of the factors leading to chronic liver disease and cryptogenic cirrhosis has been identified as NAFLD. Multiple risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension-related cardiovascular disease, contribute to the development of NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex interplay among several key pathological processes, including insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The initial stage of NAFLD, known as hepatic steatosis, manifests as excessive fat accumulation within the liver. Although extensive research efforts have led to the identification of these risk factors, there remains a limited understanding of the disease initiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms driving its progression. Animal models of NAFLD give crucial information, not only in elucidating the pathogenesis of NAFLD but also in examining the therapeutic effects of various agents. An ideal model of NAFLD should correctly reflect both hepatic histopathology and the pathophysiology of human NAFLD. This review summarizes...
Read More
Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2023 in |
Osteosarcoma begins in the long bones and occurs mainly in children and young adults but is also seen in an older population with a high mortality rate. Zinc beryllium silicate and beryllium oxide, radioactive agents like radium and some C-type viruses have a harsh impact on osteosarcoma. Genetic factors like changes in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, mutation in RECQL4 gene, WRN gene can contribute in osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma tumor can be categorized as high grade, intermediate grade, and low grade depending on the degree and duration of tumor growth. Based on the nature of the pathogenesis and location of tumor high grade osteosarcoma can be Osteoblastic, Chondroblastic, Fibroblastic, Telangiectatic, Desmoplastic fibroma, Extraskeletal osteosarcoma; Periosteal Osteosarcoma are of intermediate grade. It is associated with some characteristic symptoms like bone pain, lump formation, and walking with difficulties leading to pathologic fractures. Osteosarcoma can be diagnosed by Biopsy, X-ray, MRI, and CT scan and from some biochemical markers like Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase. Treatment include surgery which has wide safety margin,...
Read More
