Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2023 in |
Probiotics are active microbes found in fermented milk products that support the host’s health when taken in sufficient amounts. Probiotics are typically made from strains such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria isolated from the human intestine, breast milk, and conventional fermented milk products. The choice of the optimal probiotic microorganisms is a crucial initial step. Probiotics are utilized to treat allergies, intestinal, liver and numerous metabolic illnesses, and acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, which they prevent and treat clinically. Probiotics have the power to control intestinal permeability, maintain a healthy balance of the host’s microbiota, enhance the gut immune system functioning and balances the activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Providing consumers with probiotic formulations that provide the required dose at the end of their shelf life is a major challenge for pharmaceutical companies. Probiotic Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria have historically been added to fermented dairy products, which are refrigerated and have a short shelf life. Probiotics can now be added to a variety of ‘dry’ food matrices, such as...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2023 in |
To increase patient compliance, safety, and effectiveness, the need for the design and development of a new dosage form has arisen. Novel film technology like buccal film meets all these needs. The buccal film is inserted into the mouth and the medicine is then absorbed via the buccal mucosa. Compared to alternative buccal drug delivery systems such as wafers, lozenges, microparticles, gel and tablets, buccal film is a more appealing and acceptable dosage form due to its small size, dose and ease of administration. Because it avoids first-pass digestion, buccal film is a very efficient dose form that significantly boosts bioavailability. It is more practical than other forms of dosing because it sticks well to the buccal mucosa of the mouth. Not ingesting the medicine is necessary; it is non-irritating and cost-efficient; other benefits include its sleek design, ease of use and biodegradability. Therefore, this dose type is preferred by both elderly and young patients. This review focuses on buccoadhesive drug delivery methods, which are reliant on adhering to...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2023 in |
The eye is a sensitive organ, and the administration of drugs into the ocular cavity is a tedious task. Ocular insert is the prominent technique to overcome problems associated with conventional dosage forms like repeated administration, drug drainage via lacrimal fluids drainage, formation of crystalline deposits on the cornea, pH instability, pulsed dosing of drugs, etc. This review focuses on developing a novel technique to treat ailments associated with the eye cavity. The major complications associated with the drug’s delivery into the eye are rapid pre-corneal drug loss due to nasolacrimal drainage, tear flow, and dilution of the drug leading to poor bioavailability, inadequate residence time, etc. Ocular inserts are thin films meant to be placed in a cul-de-sac, providing prolonged release without irritating the eyes. They are mostly made of polymers that encloses drug within them, which aids in the sustained release of the drug. Newer ocular drug delivery systems are being surveyed, such as Collagen shields, Biodegradable polymers, Inserts, Outfit, Minidisc`s, NODS, etc., and are formulated to...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2023 in |
Respiratory system is one of the vital systems of the body which is affected negatively by air pollutants, viral and bacterial infections. These infections can lead to several chronic diseases. Modern medicines can help treat these diseases, but they have several side effects that can further lead to other health-related troubles. In India, many people still use herbal remedies to treat mild infections as first aid. Traditional healers or vaids still use these herbal medicines to treat severe respiratory problems such as asthma, tuberculosis, whooping cough, etc. This review aimed to gather information about medicinal plants used to treat various respiratory problems in different areas of India. Relevant data about various ethnobotanical studies conducted in various country states were extracted from published literature and analyzed. Two hundred thirty-nine plant species belonging to 193 genera and 80 families were. The maximum number of plant species belonged to the family Asteraceae. Solanum was the genus with the maximum number of species. All plant parts, including roots, stem, rhizome, leaves, flowers, fruits,...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2023 in |
Enzyme Alanine racemase is well known for performing the predominating role in mycobacterium cell wall synthesis. D-alanine provided by Alanine racemase serves as a peptidoglycan precursor, utterly vital for maintaining the growth and integrity of the cell wall. The lipid-rich mycobacterium cell wall is prevalent amidst prokaryotes with immense potential of becoming a therapeutic target for new drug discovery. The imperative role of Alanine racemase in mycobacterium cell wall synthesis implies that its inhibition is of utmost priority in dealing with various pathogenic infections. Interference with metabolic processes, lack of specificity, and cellular toxicity caused by several known inhibitors prompted renewed efforts by researchers to discover new and improved inhibitors with better therapeutic indexes. This paper provides an overview of the updated status of reported Alanine racemase inhibitors based on shreds of evidence in literature so that more precise inhibitors could be explored, designed, and identified to rationalize the overall drug discovery process, which will be true serendipity for the...
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