Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Orphan drugs are used to treat rare diseases that affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Development and approval of orphan drugs are challenging due to the limited patient population and substantial development costs; the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established several programs, such as the Orphan Drug Designation program and Orphan Product Grants program to encourage the development of medications that treat rare diseases, the rare pediatric disease voucher program supports research and growth of rare diseases that affect pediatric populations, the humanitarian use device program regulates medical devices associated with rare diseases, the main aim of these incentives is to provide financial and regulatory support to sponsors. Overall, the regulatory framework in United States offers a supportive environment for drug manufacturers in developing and approving orphan products; these initiatives ensure that patients with rare diseases have access to safe and effective treatments. United States is one of the top leaders in developing orphan drugs and continues to play a critical role in the...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Anxiety is a negative emotional state marked by tension, unease, and emotions of concern and fear. Across the globe, women are more likely than males to suffer from anxiety disorders. Insomnia, cold or sweaty hands and/or feet, shortness of breath, an inability to be steady and calm, dry mouth, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, pins and needles, feelings of losing control, heart palpitations, pins, and needles are just a few symptoms of anxiety disorders. Many systems indicate that when someone is anxious, they exhibit a variety of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral symptoms. Anxiety is brought on by aberrant chemoreceptor responsiveness and unusual neurochemical behavior. Many neurotransmitters, including gamma-amino butyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), glutamate, and others, are involved in anxiety. Some have an excitatory or an inhibitory effect. Several promising medications that may be helpful in the treatment of anxiety disorders have been identified via research in the field of herbal pharmacology. Unfortunately, there hasn’t been a thorough examination of plant-based...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Periodontitis is a complex infectious disease of supporting structures of teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms. Formation of a new connective tissue attachment and bone deposition are the main goals of periodontal therapy. The excisional new attachment procedure (ENAP) is especially sub-gingival curettage performed with a knife performed by internal bevel incision performed and excision of tissue. It is indicated in localized, mild to moderate periodontitis, mainly in the anterior region. The main advantage over traditional curettage is the definitive, clean excision of the junctional epithelium and the adjacent tissue with a greater probability of new clinical attachment. The post-surgical recession and root sensitivity are minimized by using this technique. There is no significant tissue loss in this procedure. The benefits of the excisional new attachment method in periodontics are emphasized in this...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Dissolution is an authorized test used by Pharmacopoeias for assessing drug arrival of solid and semisolid measurement structures. The primary utilization of dissolution testing incorporates the biopharmaceutical portrayal of medication items as a device to guarantee reliable item quality and to predict in-vivo drug bioavailability. Dissolution testing was initially grown for solid orals; later on, its utilization was enlarged to an assortment of novel dose structures. Because of the intricacies in the medication conveyance of novel dose structures, there is a need to create changed dissolution testing strategies to describe the in-vitro arrival of these measurement structures. The article addresses the ongoing updates in dissolution testing strategies for ordinary and novel drug measurement structures and gives knowledge of potential choices in drug dissolution testing plans. This survey addresses all potential state-sanctioned test techniques expected to describe the dissolution properties of a wide assortment of measurement structures going from customary to novel...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2023 in |
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the non-essential and highly toxic environmental pollutants. It causes serious environmental and agricultural problems. It ranks seventh on the list of the twenty most toxic metals. Dietary cadmium intake is much higher than the upper limit reported by FAO/WHO. Sources of environmental Cd contamination, soil factors affecting Cd uptake, Cd dynamics in the soil rhizosphere, uptake mechanisms, Cd transport and toxicity in plants. In crops, Cd toxicity reduces nutrient and water uptake and transport, increases oxidative damage, disrupts plant metabolism, and disrupts plant morphology and physiology. Factors effecting the uptake and translocation of Cd in plants are elaborated to understand the mechanism that contributes to its accumulation. Cadmium disturbs the function of chloroplasts by accumulating to higher levels in aerial parts. It inhibits the enzymes needed for chlorophyll biosynthesis as well as enzymes for carbon dioxide fixation Ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase (RUBPCase) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase). Using molecular techniques, including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics, to amplify the adverse effects of Cd...
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