Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
Nanoparticles are small particles ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. The biological production of nanoparticles is cheaper than chemical production. Besides being cheaper, it is eco-friendly as well. This biological procedure is a bottom-up procedure where the extracts of natural products replace the chemical reducing agents. These reducing and stabilizing agents are found in plants and can be used to synthesize nanoparticles. Plants also have growth terminating and capping properties as well. This paper aims to give brief information on different plant sources and synthesis of nanoparticles. The infection caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria increases the mortality rate. So, the effect of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is gaining much more importance. The nanoparticles synthesized by green sources are non-toxic to the environment and humans. This review focuses on basic knowledge of nanoparticles, their production by green sources, the application against multi-drug-resistant bacteria, and advantages and disadvantages of...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
Preclinical drug or pharmaceutical research in mouse and rat species is inevitable in the scientific investigations of a chemical substance or lead entity. The administration routes are the experimental study design, and regulatory requirements may influence the study of humans’ intended therapeutic/clinical route. Specific route selection in the investigation of test substances must be profoundly well-versed to the research scientists and approved by local ethics committee members. Every route has advantages and disadvantages in absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution of substances, which should be carefully considered while selecting a route. Routes of administration can be performed painlessly if proper heed is given to the restraint and holding of animals and using adequate technical skills by technical persons and research scientists. This review describes the principal and common routes used in early drug discovery programs and preclinical research, including guidelines for safe injection volumes, sites of administration, preparation of sites, advantages & disadvantages, limitations, handling and restraint techniques, vehicle selection, and formulation strategies. Conclusion: This can be concluded knowledge of...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
The global market size was valued at $ 380.2 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach $463.5 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 5.3% from 2021 to 2027. Cosmetics have become an in-dispersible feature of the modern lifestyle. The use of cosmetics has increased in males and women in daily routine, which complements the growth of global cosmetic market demand. The skin care industries are trying to develop and market new and efficient products with advanced features that will affect appearance and therapeutic effects. The new development in cosmeceuticals has emerged in the form of Nanocosmeceuticals with the aid of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals. Since, extrinsic factors like sunlight, dry weather, pollutants, stressful life, poor diet and inadequate sleep are leading to dull and diseased skin, nails and hair can be efficiently treated to get the good looking appearance, flawless complexion and blemish-free skin with the help of nanocosmeceuticals with various nanomaterials like liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, cubosomes, ethosomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, gold nanoparticles, fullerenes, nanocapsules potentially...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
People throughout the world have long used various fruits, leaves, and plant parts as nutraceuticals and valuable sources of herbal treatments. Apples (Malus domestica) are a popular fruit with a high level of medicinal efficacy, whose seeds have also demonstrated a very high therapeutic and nutritional value when ingested in the right amount and form (apple seed flour or oil). Found in cold temperate regions worldwide and in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh in India. Malus domestica fruit, peels and seeds, when extracted in alcohol or acetone medium, show a high content of proteins, fatty acids, dietary fibres, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals, polysaccharides, phytosterols, pentacyclic triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin). Polyphenols like proanthocyannidin, catechin, quercetin, phloridzin are very effective in treating hyperglycemia, cholesterol, neuropsychiatric diseases, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders. Another cytotoxic component present in the seeds is amygdalin, which shows anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Other than this, pectin, a polysaccharide (peel and seeds), phytosterols (leaves, stem, root, seeds), pentacyclic triterpenes...
Read More
Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2023 in |
Structure-Activity relationship (SAR) only identifies the chemical group responsible for producing the target biological effect in the organism. It was first present in 1865, structural activity relationship was refined dates back to the nineteenth century and now it has advanced from QSAR to 3D QSAR. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) are attempted to correlate the structural and biological properties of compounds or molecules. QSAR is used in drug design and medicinal chemistry. By using QSAR, scientists predefined toxicity related to organic molecules and determined the perfect potential biological activity that helps produce drug moiety. Group Based-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (G-QSAR) is fragment dependent method which bases on molecule descriptors. Statistical parameters validate the GQSAR method. The cross-term fragment descriptor is used in GQSAR to study the relation of molecular fragments and variation in biological-based response. It provides a clue for designing new molecules and predicting their activity. In this article, we mainly concentrate on the various QSAR model such as Hansch Analysis, Free Wilson Analysis, various physicochemical properties, QSAR development process,...
Read More
