Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Ageratina adenophora, often known as Crofton Weed, is one of the common invasive weeds which first originated from Mexico and Central America and gradually invaded numerous parts of the world. Because of its ability to alter the soil microbial communities and its allelopathic competition with other plant species, this plant colonizes forest margins, stream banks and disturbed areas in large dense clumps and is found to possess potent toxicological effects on livestock; the lethal chronic pulmonary disease has been reported in horses while liver complications have been reported in mice. Despite this, the plant has been studied more extensively for its therapeutic uses as phytochemicals viz. steroids, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins and saponins (7-hydroxy-dehydrotremetone, 7, 10,1 1-trihydroxy-dehydrotremetone, 10-oxo-7-hydroxynordehydro-tremetone,Eupatorone, 2-deoxo-2-(acetyloxy)-9-oxoagera-phorone(DAOA), 9-oxoagerophorone(OA), etc.) which have been reported are found to possess antimicrobial activity, antipyretic activity, wound healing, antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, anti-tumor activity, insecticidal activity, antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory activity, larvicidal activity. This present review is an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on invasive nature, pharmacological study, phytochemical review,...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Psidium guajava Linn. the most popular and widely cultivated fruiting plant all over Bangladesh. The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant, analgesic and antimicrobial activities of n-hexane (HPG), chloroform (CLPG) and ethyl acetate fractions (ET APG) obtained from methanol extract of Psidium guajava (MPG) leaves. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of fractions HPG, CLPG and ET APG were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ascorbic acid was used as standard. The IC50 value of HPG, CLPG and ET APG were 29.96 µg/ml, 26.84 µg/ml and 24.29 µg/ml respectively whereas the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 6.23 µg/ml. Analgesic activity of HPG, CLPG and ET APG extracts (400 mg/kg) were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing model of pain in mice and demonstrated significant reduction of pain in mice with the effect of 56.10%, 60.51% and 70.12% respectively (p<0.05) and were comparable to that of standard, diclofenac sodium (77.22%). Preliminary phytochemical screening of different fractions showed the presence of bioactive constituents like alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids. Further,...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Substances that loose stools and boost bowel movements are laxatives, purgatives, or aperitives. They are used to treat constipation and to stop it. Constipation relates to infrequent or difficult to transfer bowel movements. Often the stool is hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if the bowel movement has not been fully passed. Hemorrhoid’s anal fissure or fecal impaction may be complications from constipation. It is a common gastrointestinal functional disorder. IBS is considered to be a complex condition with physiological and psychosocial elements in which stimuli from the central nervous system modulates altered bowel motility or sensation. Medical treatments for constipation include the provision of bulk laxatives, osmotic agents, stimulants, lubricants, and neuromuscular agents. Animal models are important tools in experimental medical science to understand the pathological process of human diseases. Animal models include drug-induced constipation in rat model, canine slow transit constipation model, low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats, gastrointestinal motility test, castor oil-induced enter pooling. Gastrointestinal motility depicts the muscle contraction...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Transdermal delivery of therapeutics has been identified by scientific researchers as an alternative choice of drug administration, owing to its unique and tremendous benefit over conventional and oral administrations, but its exploration has been limited because of the “skin barricade” as its major challenge. A special formulation that is capable of meeting up and overcoming its associated challenges is required. Nanotechnology is already established as one of the developing areas of technology, and its application in drug delivery has proven overwhelming success. Nanoemulsions are unique nanotechnological formulations that represent a novel drug delivery system towards resolving pharmaceutical challenges as well as improves dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Since the majority of novel drug candidates, especially those phyto-pharmaceutically discovered, are of less solubility and bioavailability, their pharmaceutical applications have been underexplored. This study aims at presenting nanoemulsion as a novel formulation capable of solving undesirable pharmaceutical challenges such as toxicity, first-pass metabolic effect, drug solubility, and bioavailability. Its potential as an exclusive nanocarrier that mobilizes and promotes transdermal therapeutic delivery...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
The reaction of 5- (2- chlorophenyl)- 7- nitro- 3H- 1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-thione (I) with glycine (A) by means of Na2CO3 in refluxing ethanol in water gives 2-carboxymethylamino-7-nitro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepine(II), which is cyclized by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in methylene chloride to afford 8-nitro-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1H,4H-imidazo[1, 2-a] [1, 4]benzodiazepin-1-one (III). The reaction of (III) with dimethylformamide diethylacetal (B) by means of triethylamine in benzene yields 8-nitro-2-(dimethylaminomethylene)-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1H, 4H-imidazo[1,2a] [1,4]benzodiazepin-1-one(IV), which is treated with N-methylpiperazine (C) in refluxing toluene result 8-nitro-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(N-methylpiperazin-1- ylmethylene)- 1, 2- dihydro- 1H, 4H- imidazo[1,2a] [1,4] benzodiazepin-1-one (V). This compound is finally treated with methanesulfonic acid. The condensation of 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-8-nitro-1H, 4H-imidazo [1,2-a] [1,4] benzodiazepin-1one, with 1(dimethoxymethyl)-4-methylpiperazine (II) gives the free base of Loprazolam Mesylate (III), which is then treated with methanesulfonic acid. 5-aryl-1, 3-di-hydro-7-substitued-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-thiones were condensed with glycine in aqueous ethanol to give the previously unreported amino acid. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dry methylenechloride cyclized. These acids to the imidazolobenzodiazepines which were found to oil unstable to hydrolytic...
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