Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
The purpose of the present study is to focus on comparative analysis between antidiabetic drugs and minerals like calcium and phosphorus to understand their role in inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The sample size is 500 blood samples of both genders which was divided into 3 groups: A, B, and C. Group A on metformin of daily dosage 500mg consisted of 200 subjects, Group B on other anti-diabetic drugs (Glimepiride) of daily dosage 2 mg consisted of 200 subjects. Both groups A and B had no other complications from diabetes. Group C included controls, consisting of 100 healthy individuals with no history of diabetes. When compared between two drug (metformin and other anti-diabetic drug) groups, the percentages of Serum calcium, phosphorus in both male and female groups were significantly decreased and consequently, inflammatory markers like leptin, IL-6, hsCRP, TNF-α were significantly increased in metformin group rather than who were on another anti-diabetic drug group. Decreased serum calcium and phosphorus levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus who are on...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Background: Within the realm of artificial intelligence, a notably prominent large language model is ChatGPT, which is employed in the domain of medical education to address challenges associated with teaching, learning and assessment. These models have been utilized in various capacities such as the creation of clinical scenarios, the generation of multiple-choice questions, and the facilitation of research endeavors etc. Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of ChatGPT capabilities and to analyze the advantages, limitations, existing methodologies and future implications of implementing artificial intelligence within the realm of medical education. Methodology: A thorough review of the literature was executed by utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The search terms employed included ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, Medical Education and large language models. Results: The utilization of ChatGPT in the context of medical education presents numerous benefits including an augmented quality of interaction between students and patients, enhanced educational outcomes, increased research opportunities, personalized learning experiences, virtual patient simulations....
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Graptophyllum pictum (GP) is used to treat anemiain some traditional communities. To understand this practice, we had prepared GP tea leaves for the management of phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rats. An experimental protocol was built with six groups of six rats each. Rats in normal group were fed with standard food and water ad libitum. The rest of rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg of phenylhydrazine for two days to induce anemia. The GP tea leaves (GPTL) had an extraction percentage of 40.8% and contained: ron (32.89 mg/100 g dry material (DM)), carotenoids (649.01 mg/100g DM), phytates (0.22 mg/100g DM) and oxalates (3.21 mg/100g DM For the in-vivo experiment, intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine leads to decreases: hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, MCH, MCHC; increases in white blood cells and MCV threshold in anemic rats was observed. After 3 days feeding period of rats with 210 mg / kg of (GPTL) or 0.3mg / kg of Ranferon®, a restoration of all the parameters mentioned was observed. (GPTL) restored of...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
This review synthesizes contemporary advances in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer, with a focus on therapeutic developments that have substantially improved outcomes in both localized and metastatic disease. The scope of the review encompasses curative-intent treatment modalities, advances in systemic therapy, and improvements in diagnostic imaging and staging that collectively inform modern clinical decision-making. Key therapeutic advances discussed include the widespread adoption of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and brachytherapy, which have expanded curative options for patients with localized disease. In the metastatic setting, the integration of novel androgen receptor–targeted agents, next-generation androgen deprivation strategies, and life-prolonging chemotherapeutic regimens has markedly improved survival and disease control. The review also highlights the role of advanced imaging techniques in more accurate staging, risk stratification, and treatment selection. Major themes include the transition from predominantly palliative approaches to individualized, multimodal treatment strategies with curative or life-extending intent, as well as the increasing importance of precision in diagnosis and therapy selection. Emphasis is placed on clinically relevant developments rather than...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Prostate cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in men and remains a major contributor to cancer-related morbidity worldwide, particularly in ageing populations. Despite advances in screening and therapeutic strategies, challenges related to disease progression, therapeutic resistance, and treatment-associated adverse effects persist. This review critically examines the aetiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in prostate cancer development and progression. Established treatment modalities, including surgery, radiotherapy, androgen-deprivation therapy, and chemotherapy, are discussed with emphasis on their clinical utility and limitations. In addition, emerging evidence on biologically active natural compounds is evaluated as a complementary area of research. Natural agents such as curcumin, quercetin, and red sea moss-derived constituents have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic activities in experimental models of prostate cancer. However, the majority of supporting data remains preclinical, with limited and inconsistent clinical validation. This review highlights the importance of distinguishing evidence-based therapies from investigational and supportive approaches. It further emphasises the need for well-designed translational and clinical studies to assess the safety, efficacy,...
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