Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Kidney diseases continue to impose a substantial global health burden due to their progressive nature, delayed clinical detection, and strong association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Conventional diagnostic and prognostic tools in nephrology, including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and imaging modalities, often provide limited insight into early disease mechanisms and fail to capture the multidimensional complexity of renal pathology. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning, deep learning, and multimodal data analytics, offer promising opportunities to enhance kidney care through early risk prediction, improved diagnostic accuracy, and personalized therapeutic strategies. This review critically examines current trends and applications of AI in nephrology, with emphasis on chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury prediction, AI-assisted renal imaging, digital histopathology, dialysis optimization, and clinical decision support systems. Emerging approaches such as multimodal learning frameworks, explainable AI, and precision nephrology models are also discussed in relation to future clinical integration. In parallel, key challenges including data heterogeneity, limited external validation, ethical and privacy concerns, regulatory barriers, and issues...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Microbial biofilms are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Cells within biofilms exhibit altered physiology and resistance to antimicrobial agents, making biofilm associated infections challenging to treat. Although numerous compounds are being evaluated for antibiofilm activity, lack of standardized and optimized evaluation methods often result in poor reproducibility and inconsistent interpretation of efficacy. This study aimed to optimize in-vitro methods for assessing the efficacy of antibiofilm agents against clinically relevant biofilm forming bacteria. Biofilms of Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 432, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 and Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 3615 were evaluated using model antibiofilm agents like acetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Assays for minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), biofilm dispersion, viability of biofilm embedded cells, extracellular DNA (eDNA) release and exopolysaccharide production and emulsification were standardized. Species-specific differences in biofilm eradication and dispersion thresholds were observed signifying organism specific evaluation of the antibiofilm agents. The optimized methods exhibit enhanced...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Extraordinary advances in clinical pharmacology transforms the current state of healthcare into the era of precision medicine where; clinical practice takes individual variability into account. It has been boosted by genetics and typically considered to be driven in an individual by a single genetic variant. Often the mechanisms generating the full clinical phenotype from such a perceived single cause are incompletely understood. Health care under precision medicine will become a more integrated, dynamic system, in which patients will participate actively in shared decision-making. There is a need for more comprehensive evaluation and a more rigorous framework, to explain clinical presentation and clinical responses to precision...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of the shoot extract of Bambusa balcooa in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Methods: Ethanolic extract of shoot of Bambusa balcooa (EELBB) was evaluated for hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities using 400 mg/kg body weight per day in a high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests and compared to the normal control, experimental control and the standard drug (atorvastatin 2.1 mg/kg body weight per day) groups. The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD). Values with p< 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Oral administration of EELBB resulted in decrease in Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to the experimental control group. There were also significantly elevated catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the test group compared to the...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
The study focused on the formulation, optimization, and evaluation of benidipine transdermal patches to overcome the drug’s low oral bioavailability and short half-life. FTIR analysis confirmed compatibility between benidipine and selected excipients (HPMC K-100, CMC, PEG-400, Tween-20), showing no significant peak shifts. Patches (F1–F12) were prepared by solvent casting with varying polymer concentrations and evaluated for physicochemical properties, all of which were within acceptable limits, indicating good uniformity and mechanical strength. In-vitro release studies showed an initial burst followed by sustained release for 48 hours, with F5 and F7 exhibiting superior drug release. Central Composite Design identified HPMC K-100 and CMC levels as key factors influencing drug release, moisture content, and permeation, with higher polymer concentrations decreasing release due to increased matrix density. Optimization selected F4 as the best formulation, offering controlled release, high drug content, and improved permeation, suggesting strong potential for sustained antihypertensive...
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