Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2018 in |
Helminthiasis is also known as worm infection and a endoparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of a body is infected with parasitic worms. Tinospora cordifolia is a well known medicinal plant and widely used in folk medicine ayurvedic system. The objective of this work is to carry out phytochemical screening and in vitro anthelmintic activity of methanolic, petroleum ether and ethylene glycol extracts of leaves of Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) against Indian earthworm, Pheretima posthuma. Various concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/ml) of the extracts were tested, which involved determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms using Albendazole (10 mg/ml) as standard drug and normal saline as control. The methanolic extract exhibited a maximum anthelmintic activity than the other two extracts. The extract showed anthelmintic activity in dose dependant manner giving shortest time of paralysis (P) and death (D) with 20mg/ml concentration and caused paralysis in 4 min and death in 10 min respectively. The Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated the...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Vesicular systems have gained immense importance in the last few years as a means for sustained and efficient drug delivery. This article was designed to review all aspects of a novel class of vesicles, transfersomes. Tranfersomes and the fundamental concept of transfersomes were launched by Gregor Cevc in the year 1991. It exists as an ultra-deformable complex having a hydrated core surrounded by a complex layer of lipid. The carrier aggregate is composed of at least one amphipathic molecule (like phospholipids) which when added to aqueous systems self-assemble into a bilayer of lipid which eventually closes into a lipid vesicle and one bilayer softening agent which is generally a surfactant which is responsible for the flexibility of the vesicle. Transfersomes provide the primary advantage of higher entrapment efficiency along with a depot formation which releases the contents slowly. The characterisation of transfersomes is similar to that of other vesicles like liposomes, niosomes and micelles. Transfersomes can be used for delivery of insulin, corticosteroids, proteins and peptides, interferons, anti-cancer drugs,...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Low temperatures have been reported to be having far reaching effects on all plant species. The effects, in turn depend on the low temperature sensitivity of each and every plant species. In nature, the effects of various stresses may be seen overlapping thus the effects may be specific or non-specific. The effects in response to low temperature can be well ameliorated by the exogenous application of various protective molecules viz., proline, glycine betaine, trehalose. Various cold tolerant transgenic crops over-expressing these molecules have also been...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
Cefepime is a broad – spectrum new parenteral cephalosporin used to treat moderate to severe nosocomial pneumonia, empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia and infections of the skin and urinary tract. In this present study a simple, accurate and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for analysis of cefepime powder for injectable solutions along with its potency by using microbiological bioassay by four different microorganisms. A YMC C 18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5.0 mm) column was used for cefepime separation, using isocratic elution with acetonitrile: water (70:30, v/v) and UV detection at 235 nm. Microbiological assay (bioassay) was performed using the agar diffusion method. The validation performed yielded good results in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The retention time obtained for cefepime was 1.77 min and % potency of the marketed dosage form was found to be 147.9%, 100%, 83.17% and 125.8%...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2018 in |
The objective of this work was improvement in the ocular bioavailability of diclofenac sodium by enhancing drug permeation across cornea and promoting drug retention time on ocular surface. Using pseudo ternary phase diagrams transparent regions were identified and nanoemulsions were prepared by self-emulsification method, which were further optimized by emulsification study and drug content. Three best NE formulations were incorporated in 20% poloxamer 407 (thermosensitive polymer solution) to formulate nanoemulsion embedded thermosensitive in-situ ocular gel and further evaluated on the basis of gelation temperature and drug entrapment. Optimized nanoemulsion formulation was evaluated by TEM, particle size analysis and zeta potential. The optimized NE gel formulation changed from sol-gel phase at physiological temperature. Comparison of dissolution profile of developed formulation was carried out with the marketed formulation. The formulated NE in-situ gel showed drug release for a longer duration of time as compared to the marketed eye drops (0.1% w/v Voltaren Ophtha). The in-vitro release data was fitted to various kinetic models. It was found that the in-vitro drug release...
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