Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Spinacia oleracea L. (child spinach) is a generally new leaf vegetable in the Amaranthaceae family. The crop is high in human supplements and generally has significant degrees of bioactive mixtures like nutrients A also C and minerals. In the present study, the fungi and bacteria from the infected leaves of Spinacia oleracea are isolated and morphological identified. DNA isolation of the cultured fungi and bacteria was done. The isolated genomic DNA was amplified using the internal transcribed spacer region and 16s rRNA region. The new DNA sequences were identified at the genus and species level using the BLAST software tool (NCBI, USA), deposited in (The National Center for Biotechnology Information) NCBI, and got Genbank accession numbers. The DNA sequences that showed maximum similarity to query sequences were selected and analyzed using MEGA 11.0 (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree was generated based on the Neighbour-joining...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Microspheres drug delivery system have improved patient compliance, decreased toxicity, and increased efficacy. This work aimed to design a controlled-release drug-delivery system for lipid microspheres of Verapamil hydrochloride that would retain the drug in the stomach and continuously release the drug in a controlled manner up to a predetermined time. Lipid microspheres were prepared by using a melt solidification method. Microspheres with spherical shapes and narrow size distribution were formed. In the present investigation, two lipids were used in various concentrations; Ceresine wax & Bees Wax. In-vitro performance was evaluated, such as particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency, compatibility study, Preformulation study, flow properties, in-vitro drug release studies, stability studies, etc. The drug in microspheres was found to be stable and compatible with waxes, as confirmed by DSC and FTIR methods. The mixing ratio of lipids with drug affected the size, size distribution, Yield, drug content, and drug release of microspheres. Results showed that the solid, discrete, reproducible free-flowing microspheres were obtained. In most cases, good in-vitro microsphere behavior...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Nanogels (NGs) are advanced and innovative drug delivery systems that play an important role in remarking many issues that are associated with recent and trendy courses of treatment, such as non-specific effects and low stability. NGs could be well-defined as extremely cross-linked hydrogels (nano-sized) ranging from 20-200 nm. NGs are vigorous nanoparticles (NPs) used to deliver active drug complexes for the controlled delivery of drugs. This system is simpler and safer for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs because of their chemical composition and formulations that are unsuitable for different formulations. Drugs are incorporated into NGs for many purposes, like gene targeting, organ targeting, diagnosis, and many more. NGs can be administered through different pulmonary, nasal, transdermal, intra-ocular, oral, and parenteral routes. Frequently, NGs are used to treat cancer, bone regeneration, inflammation, etc. This NGs system is a novel drug delivery system for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. This review mainly focuses on providing general information on NGs, their properties, various classifications, drug targeting methodology, different types of drug delivery systems, evaluation methods and novel applications of NGs in...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Moringa oleifera is an important food commodity with enormous attention as the ‘natural nutrition of the tropics. Leaves of this plant are traditionally known for or reported to have various biological activities, including hypocholesterolemic agent, antidiabetic, gastric ulcers, antitumor and hypotensive agent. This study was designed to assess the toxicological and histopathological effects of ethanolic leaves extracts of Moringa oleifera in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced Swiss albino mice. Material and Methods: Toxicity evaluation was carried out according to the OECD guidelines and histopathological assessment of the liver tissues was made using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: It indicated that ethanolic extracts did not induce any toxicity up to 1600 mg/kg body weight doses. Examination of ascitic fluid revealed that ethanol extract at 500 mg/kg dose induced degenerative changes and mild signs of apoptosis. Gross pathology of the liver indicated that the extracts did not alter the normal cytoarchitecture of these tissues. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings from this study interpret that ELMO extracts can be used as a complementary...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2022 in |
Aggressive behavior is an important prerequisite for acquiring and maintaining feeding resources, territory and mating partners and, therefore, for the survival of an individual and the species. However, dysregulation of aggression among conspecifics can lead to severe injury and death. Aggression is prominently seen when a disturbance occurs in the fine balance of neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and receptor subtypes. The current study evaluated the in-vivo anti-aggressive potential of a standardized extract of Alstonia scholaris leaves. The extract of Alstonia scholaris was evaluated for its potential effects against defensive and offensive aggressive behavior models of rodents by oral administration at 250, 500 mg/kg BW dose levels once daily for 14 consecutive days as a suspension in a carboxymethylcellulose CMC, diazepam 1 mg/kg, p.o. was used as a standard anti-aggressive agent. Control group animals were given an equal volume of vehicle 10%, v/v, CMC suspension. The anti-aggressive activity was evaluated using the following validated models of aggression, viz.: Isolation-Induced Aggression, Resident-Intruder Aggression, and Water Competition Test, in...
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