Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts of cherry (Prunus avium) and acetone extracts of quince (Cydonia oblonga), hexane & ethyl acetate extracts of Handh (Taraxacum officinale), acetone & methanol extracts of sustchal (Malva neglecta) of the selected minor fruits and vegetables of Indian Himalayan Region. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different plant extracts against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two strains of fungus (A. niger, A. flavus). The extracts exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms. The concentration increase of the extracts resulted in the increase of inhibition zone values resulting in the increase in the antimicrobial activities of the extracts. Both pulp and peel of Quince (Cydonia oblonga) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. Acetone Quince (Cydonia oblonga) and Handh (Taraxacum officinale) extract showed significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.05) against all tested bacterial...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2022 in |
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused due to lack of insulin and/or its insufficiency. It is ranked ninth among the leading causes of death globally. As Oral hypoglycemic agent usage causes one or more side effects, phytochemicals can be used as alternative herbal medicine to treat diabetes mellitus with little or no side effects. In the current study, Cuminic acid was evaluated for its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities under in-vitro. Different doses of Cuminic acid were used to analyze free radical scavenging effect by DPPH, H2O2 & NO methods. α- amylase and α- glucosidase inhibitory effects were studied using various doses of Cuminic acid. Glucose diffusion inhibitory assay was carried out using a Dialysis bag. In the results of the antioxidant study, Cuminic acid showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in all the methods compared to standard Ascorbic acid. Enzyme inhibition studies also showed significant increase in antidiabetic activity indirectly with increasing concentrations of Cuminic acid, which was found to be equivalent to the standard drug acarbose....
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
As new treatments and medication are growing rapidly, neurologists are also toward expanding treating patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and facing questions regarding cannabis as a treatment elective, particularly for levodopa-safe Parkinson’s symptoms. Cannabinoids compounds like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant chemicals present. Whereas THC is psychotropic chemical that tends to cause individuals to feel “high,” while CBD is no psychotropic chemical. Nonetheless, other than cannabis, plant cannabinoids are also produced by the mammalian body, called endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids are neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors and cannabinoid receptor proteins expressed throughout the central nervous system, including the brain and peripheral nervous system. So, these endocannabinoid receptors can be of two types cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), which are G-protein coupled receptors. The first receptor, CB1R receptors are particularly abundant in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus and cerebellum, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. They can also be found in inhibitory GABA-ergic neurons and excitatory glutamatergic neurons. Whereas CB2R receptor...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
Febuxostat (FXT), used for treating gout, is poorly soluble and is susceptible to enzymatic degradation when administered as tablets. The current study aims to formulate, optimize and develop a stable Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (L-SNEDDS) and Solid SNEDDS to improve solubility, resulting in enhanced bioavailability and further to formulate Self-Nano emulsifying Osmotic Pump Tablets (SNEOPT) for controlled drug release. A ternary plot was constructed with Capmul MCM (oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant), and PEG 400 (co-surfactant). Further optimization was done by D-Optimal design. Optimized L-SNEDDS (F8) was then converted to S-SNEDDS by the adsorption method. Aerosil 200 was used as an adsorbent. The L-SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS were characterized and evaluated. The particle size of the optimized batch was 97.25 nm (L-SNEDDS) and 155.2 nm (S-SNEDDS). In-vitro dissolution studies showed>75% release in pH 1.2 HCl buffer and >80% in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 in 1 hour. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) studies indicated spherical particle morphology. SNEOPT was prepared by direct compression (with NaCl as the osmogent). In-vitro release from...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2022 in |
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive, age-linked neurodegenerative disorder. The sporadic form of the disease is usually idiopathic, where mitochondrial dysfunction is its major hallmark. Mitochondria are multifunctional dynamic organelles that carry out major cellular functions that get damaged by reactive oxygen species, deposition of lewy bodies, dopaminergic neuronal cell death, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and imbalance in fission/fusion that ultimately weakens mitophagy. In this review, the updated key roles and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction structurally and functionally in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson’s disease are discussed to understand the process of neurodegeneration. Research Data from numerous studies confirm mitochondrial dysfunction being the Basis of the disease. Here, we briefly bring the overview of illicit drug administration, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial genome mutations, alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dynamics-fission and fusion, and the impairment of mitophagy in the disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, understanding mitochondrial dysfunction and its pathways can be a major target in treatment and prevention of Parkinson’s...
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