Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2022 in |
Inflammation is a host immune response initiated by the activation of inflammatory cascades resulting from any tissue injury. During the inflammatory response, multiple inflammatory mediators are released to restore the organ function and integrity by activating various inflammatory mediators. The presence of these molecules in the tumor microenvironment led to studies on the molecular pathways that are modulated during the inflammation to cancer transition. RB pathway is one such signaling pathway becoming more recognized in the microenvironments of pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. RB1 is known to have multifunctional roles in the cellular growth and development processes, including apoptosis and autophagy. The RB protein in a dephosphorylated state negatively regulates the cell cycle at different checkpoints, thereby influencing the G1 to S phase progression. Besides its cell cycle activity, recent reports suggest that RB protein has a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. The deregulation in the expression of RB protein is said to play an active role in stimulating the pro-inflammatory molecules, consequently resulting in inflammatory responses during...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2022 in |
In the recent past, adulteration of herbal products has increased rapidly, and today it is a global problem. Synthetic Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are the main adulterants in herbal medicine used for erectile dysfunction. The present study evaluated the herbal medicines used as sex enhancers in Nairobi County, Kenya, for adulteration with Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil). The products were purchased from health stores in Nairobi County. Samples were screened for adulteration with sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil using HPTLC. Quantification was done by integration of sample chromatograms against standard chromatograms. The samples analyzed, 33.5% were adulterated. All the adulterated samples were imported, and none of the locally manufactured samples were found adulterated. The study revealed that samples from China/Hong Kong had the largest number 14 (53.85%) of the adulterated samples. These findings were in agreement with previous studies. A number of samples (32.5%) samples studied were adulterated. Sixty percent (60%) of adulterated samples contained sildenafil, while a few samples had either tadalafil, vardenafil or the...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2022 in |
Edible flowers have been an integral part of human nutrition for centuries, being used as garnishes of individual dishes and also consumed fresh. This study determines and compares the essential and trace mineral composition of the three edible flowers of Allium cepa (onion), Carica papaya (papaya) and Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) with four other commonly consumed edible flowers. Also, a comparative study of the three above-mentioned edible flowers with its respective fruit and leafy parts has been carried out. Macro-mineral and trace mineral contents were estimated by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy following the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 1990) method. Amongst the three chosen edible flowers, onion flowers contain the highest amount of potassium, calcium, sodium, zinc, and sulphur content, while the pumpkin flowers have the highest quantity of copper. Onion flowers have the highest quantity of calcium and manganese when compared to their stalk and bulb. Papaya flowers are a rich source of phosphorous and copper compared to their fruit and leaf counterparts. The test...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2022 in |
Plants and their parts are used to treat many infectious diseases due to the presence of phytoconstituents and avoid some side effects. The present study evaluated the phytochemicals, anti-diabetic, anti-urolithiatic, and anti-cancer activities of Prosopis juliflora seeds in various solvents such as aqueous, ethanol, and 85% ethanol. The preliminary works revealed the presence of secondary metabolites likes alkaloid, phenol, saponin, tannin, phytosterol and flavonoids. The work focused on the anti-diabetic properties of the extract by α-amylase, α-glucosidase methods. In-vitro anti-urolithiatic activity by titrimetric method showed that there was maximum activity, and its effect was compared with the standard drug cystone. The MTT assay was used to screen the crude extracts and the isolated compounds to assess their toxicity. The aqueous extracts of Prosopis juliflora seeds showed the inhibition effects of the cancer cell lines (MCF7), while there was no effect on the growth of normal cells. Such selective effects were found to be time-dependent. With respect to concentration (25 µg/ml, 50 µg /ml, 100 µg /ml, 250 µg /ml...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2022 in |
Perchlorate has been found in drinking water and surface waters in the United States of America, Canada, and India. It is primarily associated with the release of perchlorate from defense and military operations where rocket and satellite operation production takes place. Natural sources of perchlorate contain certain fertilizers and potash ores. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate is very persistent in the environment. At high concentrations perchlorate can affect the thyroid gland by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. As per WHO gives a maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.01mg/kg body weight for perchlorate. Above 15 ppb intake of perchlorate, it changes normal to an abnormal condition of a living being. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed from water by anion exchange or membrane filtration, biological and chemical processes. It remains stable for long times in water and soil in normal atmospheric...
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