Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2023 in |
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections affecting humans and is one of the leading causes of both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The study’s objective was to assess the rate of de-escalation and the impact of de-escalation on cost and length of stay, antibiotics utilization pattern, and adverse effects of antibiotics in bacteremic UTI. A prospective observational study was conducted on 218 UTI patients in a tertiary care hospital in Trivandrum for 6 months. The results showed that the incidence of UTI is higher in females. The most common symptom was identified as fever, followed by dysuria. Escherichia Coli was the causative organism in most of cases. Inj. Cefoperazone and Sulbactum was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. Gastric irritation was experienced by 1.8% of patients followed by exanthema in 0.5% patients. The rate of successful de-escalation was 26.9% while 73.1% failed de-escalation. A significant association (p-value < 0.001) was found between de-escalation failure and length of stay. According to our study, the absence of de-escalation...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2023 in |
Opsonisation is the process of coating infections with antibodies to make them more receptive to phagocyte ingestion. Opsonization is a crucial step in host defence that prepares particles or complexes for easy ingestion by phagocytic cells. It has been acknowledged that activated macrophages could proactively capture opsonized nanoparticles in the bloodstream and then accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs. Based on this fact, a trapping strategy is proposed, transforming a normal nanoparticle into an opsonized attractant to target and regulate macrophage polarization. Developing an effective therapeutic approach against systemic infections linked to chronic immunodeficiency illness presents a significant problem for medical practitioners. Long circulatory carrier systems provide a practical substitute for dealing with the problems caused by systemic infections. The pathophysiology of opsonization is when the process is not occurring. Opsonization fights off foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, supports self-tolerance, and inhibits autoimmunity. Self-tolerance is the ability of the immune system to recognize its self-antigens without mounting a response. However, the extent to which the carrier system has obscured the...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2023 in |
Flavones make up one of the biggest subgroups of the secondary metabolite class of flavonoids, which has more than 9000 known structural variations. It is shown that they are present in practically all plant tissues naturally. In the literature, many flavone aglyca and their O- or C-glycosides have been described. Numerous potential uses exist for flavones due to their wide range of biological activities in plants and their numerous interactions with other species. These include plant breeding, ecology, agriculture, human nutrition, and pharmacology, in addition to plant breeding. Flavones are abundant polyphenols of plant origin that have been extensively studied for their pharmacological properties. Flavones are a subclass of flavonoids with their structural basis in 2-phenylchromen-4-one (flavus = yellow). Cereals and plants are the primary sources of flavones. Since flavones are physiologically active substances, several synthetic techniques have been developed. We have attempted to include a variety of synthetic methods for the synthesis of flavones in this update. Claisen-Schmidt condensation and Baker-Venkatraman synthesis are two well-known techniques for creating...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2023 in |
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is excessively high the force of blood against the artery wall is too high. Hypertension is a very common disorder, particularly in past middle age. For improvement activity of hypertension, Azelnidipine and Telmisartan are newer combination in the market which is effective in hypertension. This combination was developed to improve medication for stage II hypertension. Azelnidipine is a Calcium channel blocker, and Telmisartan is an Angiotensin II receptor blocker. This review provides information about different analytical methods for estimating Azelnidipine and Telmisartan individually or in combination with other drugs, such as UV spectrophotometry, HPTLC, HPLC, and LC-MS. All reported methods were found to be simple, accurate, economical, precise, and reproducible. This review focuses on the recent analytical method development of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan in their combined dosage form. It also includes a stability-indicating analytical method for determining Azelnidipine and...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2023 in |
N. sativa (black cumin seed) is popularly known for its medicinal significance such as Anticancer, Antioxidant, Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-ulcer, Anti-parasitic, Anti-histamine, Analgesic, for skin rashes, hair treatment and also used as a flavoring agent. Recent reports reveal that the Nigella sativa seeds exhibit a potent effect on the Covid-19 virus. Further, N. sativa seed can be used to reduce weight as well as increase digestion. In this manuscript, the recent medicinal updates are highlighted. Finally, this review may attract the young researcher to further design and development of the...
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