Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
The present study is based on the comparative evaluation of preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. The crude extracts of S. rebaudiana leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening tests by using standard procedures for the detection of the presence or absence of eight major secondary metabolites. The free radical scavenging activity of both the extracts was measured by using the 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The dose dependent increase was observed in DPPH activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts (10, 20, 40, 50, 100 µg/ml), and the range was 28.65 – 64.35 % and 28.15 – 61.57 % as compared to ascorbic acid 30.15 – 85.99 %. The antibacterial activity of S. rebaudiana leaves was tested by agar-well diffusion assay. The plant extracts of four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/mL) were prepared in DMSO and tested against eight bacterial strains and was compared with that of standard drug tetracycline (10 µg/mL). The results of preliminary phytochemical...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Objective: Bioavailability is the key determinant of a drug for its therapeutic effectiveness, which in turn depends upon the solubility of that drug in gastro intestinal fluid. Carvedilol is a BCS class II drug. These category of drugs have low solubility and high permeability so their bioavailability is less. Solvent deposition is a promising method to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Methods: Carvedilol solvent deposition was developed by solvent Evaporation method to modify the release and enhance solubility of the drug. The physical state of the dispersed Carvedilol in the polymer matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, super saturation solubility testing and dissolution studies. Optimized Carvedilol solid dispersions were formulated into tablets by direct compression method. Results: Compared with pure drug and physical mixture, the dissolution of Carvedilol – Solvent deposition was enhanced dramatically. Optimized Carvedilol solvent deposition tablet showed faster drug release in comparison tomarketed tablet. Optimized formulationfollows Higuchi’s equation and the release mechanism is...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous extracts of whole plant of Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. Antioxidant activity was measured using reducing power, hydrogen peroxide and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The antioxidant activity was expressed as percentage (%) of DPPH and H2O2 radicals’ inhibition and IC50 value. Methanolic extract of the whole plant showed highest antioxidant activity each for DPPH (85.80±0.29) as well as H2O2 (64.7±0.173) compared to the aqueous extract with an IC50 value of 50.1µg/ml and 60.2 µg/ml respectively. Antibacterial activity was tested against two pathogenic strains by agar well diffusion method. The extracts were found to exert low to moderate antibacterial activity compared to Chloramphenicol which was taken as...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Objective: To evaluate the prescribing pattern in patients admitted to intensive cardiac care unit, to evaluate direct cost of the treatment in patients admitted in intensive cardiac care unit, to evaluate the rationality of drugs prescribed and to prepare and submit therapeutic guideline for management of ACS. Method: This prospective observational study was carried out in ICCU for a period of ten months. Data were analysed for drug utilisation pattern and direct cost of treatment was calculated using patient’s hospital and pharmacy bills. Rationality of therapy was evaluated based on class of recommendation from Indian guidelines for management of cardiovascular diseases, during the study period 70 prescriptions were screened. Results: The results show that a total of 156 (19.11%) cardiovascular drugs were prescribed to 70 patients admitted in ICCU during the study and anti-anginals 33 (21.15%) were equally used as inotropes 33 (21.15%), followed by anti-platelets 32 (20.51%), anticoagulants 27 (17%), hypolipidemics 21 (14%) and anti-arrhythmics 10(6%). Mean number of drugs per encounter was high (11), which contributed more...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
In the present study, we explored the potential of Telmisartan loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), as a new formulation in improving the oral bioavailability of antihypertensive drug Telmisartan which otherwise reported with poor bioavailability. The “modified emulsification-ultrasonication method” was adopted for preparation of SLN, and Design of Experiments (DOE) was applied to optimize the lipid and surfactant composition. The formulations were lyophilized to get free flowing powder. The mean particle size of SLN measured to be 391.7nm with PDI value of 0.324, and zeta potential value of 21.5±0.4 mV was observed. The entrapment efficiency was estimated to be 97.58 % for the optimized formulation. Single dose (10 mg/kg) oral pharmacokinetic studies were performed in Albino Wistar rats to determine the drug delivery potential of SLN. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the oral bioavailability of Telmisartan was significantly improved after its incorporation into SLN as total AUC obtained with SLN was 28 folds higher than that of AUC of drug suspension. The in vitro release from SLN demonstrated a sustained...
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