Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) of pharmaceutical bulk drug, four impurities were identified and were detected by a newly developed Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The R.S.D.’s for SM-I, SM-II, SM- III and SM were found to be 1.48%, 1.71%, 1.67%, 6.37% respectively. These values are within the acceptance criteria of 10%.The limit of quantification values for SM-I, SM-II and SM-III were found to be 0.006 %, 0.006 %, and 0.006 % w.r.t. analyte concentration (500 μg /cm3), respectively. For determining method accuracy, known as unclean LOQ, the specified limit of 80%, 100% and 120% of the SM bulk sample (test preparation) was pointed. For confirming method precision six different test preparations of samples of SM were analyzed. Identified impurities were characterized by LC/MS/MS method. Identified impurities were unknown. Structural determination of such impurities was carried out by LC/MS/MS using electro spray ionization source and an ion trap mass analyzer. Structural identification by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The method was validated according...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2017 in |
Intra nasal drug delivery system (INDDS) has emerged as a non- invasive alternative for delivering peptides, proteins and other therapeutic agents, specifically to CNS (Central nervous system). This route is well suitable for systemic delivery because of high vasculature, permeability, elimination of hepatic first pass metabolism and low enzymatic environment of the nasal cavity. This route of delivery is especially suited to treat CNS disorders like – neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunctioning etc., due to drugs ability to directly reach the brain by passing blood brain barrier (BBB). It is also a well suited delivery route for the biotechnological products like DNA plasmids, hormone, proteins, peptides, DNA vaccines to give enhanced bioavailability. A wide variety of therapeutic compounds may be administered intra-nasally for topical, systemic and CNS disorders. In this review, we have focussed on the nasal passage anatomical pathway leading to CNS drug delivery, different factors affecting nasal absorption, bioavailability barriers, vaccines and other therapeutic, biologically active molecules delivered via intra nasal route and strategies to improve...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Spices have been used since long to enhance the flavor and aroma of our foods. Besides, they also produce several medicinal effects and are used in treating various clinical ailments. The different phytochemicals present greatly influence the biological activities possessed by plants/spices. The present research work investigates the free radical scavenging and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition activity of different extracts of Elletaria cardamomum, Piper nigrum and Syzygium aromaticum. Total phenol, flavonoid, condensed tannins and saponin contents were also measured. Among the different extracts of spices evaluated for DPPH free radical scavenging, ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum exhibited the highest inhibition with IC50 value of 42±7.4 µg/ml. This high radical scavenging activity can be directly correlated with the presence of high total phenolic content (310±6.87 mg GAEs/g extract) possessed by the extract. The ethanolic extracts of all three spices had shown better inhibition activity against AChE than other extracts. At 500 µg/mL concentration, S. aromaticum and E. cardamomum ethanolic extracts showed 52.22±3.7 % and 52.95±2.9 % AchE inhibition respectively. These findings...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
A sensitive method was developed to determine Ethinyl Estradiol in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS). Separation of analyte and the Internal Standard (IS) Ethinyl Estradiol-d4 using SPE followed by LLE in plasma with TBME, was performed on a LC/MS/MS-API-5500 instrument with SB C18 HT (50mm×3.0mm) 1.8 µm columns at a flow rate of 0.300 ml/min with mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: 2 mM Ammonium Formate Buffer (80:20 v/v). The interface used with the API 5500 LC/MS/MS was used a turbo ion spray. The positive ions were measured in MRM mode for the analyte and IS. The method was linear over range of 5.000 – 308.560 pg/mL. The correlation coefficient is ≥ 0.9942 for Ethinyl Estradiol. The mean % recovery of extraction across QC of Ethinyl Estradiol in plasma was 68.48%. The reproducibility of Ethinyl Estradiol QC sample at room temperature and at 5 ºC was between 91.80 to 101.20% and 90.63 to 101.44% respectively. The % CV of intra and inter day precision were less than...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Zanthoxylum armatum is administered as a hepatoprotective agent during indigestion and hepatic related diseases by traditional healers. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Z. armatum (ZAE) in Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in comparison with the activities of the known and potent hepatoprotective standard drug Silymarin. Treatment with ZAE showed a significant (p< 0.001 – 0.05) decrease in SGOT, SGPT, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin when compared to paracetamol induced control group while the serum level of protein particularly albumin is elevated with the treatment of ZAE in comparison to normal rats and Silymarin treated paracetamol induced group. This means that treatment with ZAE significantly reversed the hepatic changes produced by paracetamol treatment in rats. The possible mechanism of action may be explored by studying the antioxidant effect of the ZAE. The present study demonstrates that the ethanol extract of Z. armatum significantly protects the liver against paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity in healthy albino...
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