Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Metronidazole is a class I drug in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) and widely used in Pakistan, various available brands in local markets along with innovator brand to serve a large population. In-vitro dissolution testing can be used as waiver for in-vivo bioequivalence studies of generic brand interchangeability for Class I drugs i.e., highly soluble and highly permeable. The objective of the study was to determine immediate release tablet dosage form of metronidazole to fulfil the requirements of 85% drug release in pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 recommended by WHO. In this study physicochemical quality attributes, price comparison and dissolution studies were performed on three available brands of metronidazole 400 mg, one of them is innovator brand and the two others are test brands. The dissolution profiles were compared by using similarity factor (f2) that were analyzed by UV spectrophotometer at 278 nm wavelength. The test brands were very cheap in cost as compared to innovator brand but both the test brand were failed the dissolution test in all mediums...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve. Progressive damage of the optic nerve will causes irreversible reduction in visual acuity; it leads to visual field loss and blindness. The main treatment of glaucoma is the reduction of intraocular pressure. Current therapy involves frequent administration of eye drops which results in poor patient adherence and therapeutic outcomes. This review is focusing on to overcome these limitation by developing a novel nanoparticle cross-linked collagen shield for sustained delivery of suitable drug. The drug is incorporate into the shield and cross-linked by cross-linking agent with the help of Ultraviolet irradiation. Metal oxide nanoparticles is most suitable as cross-linking agent.e.g-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capped zinc oxide (ZnO/PVP).There is some evaluation parameter for nanoparticle cross-linked collagen shield like cytotoxicity as well as shield transparency. Cross-linked collagen shields characterise for their mechanical strength, swelling capacity and bioadhesive properties, ZnO/PVP NP cross-linked shields is the most favourable characteristics compare to plain film. It release drug over a period of 14 days offering a promising sustained release treatment...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Dissolution of drug and its release from the dosage form have basic impact on bioavailability. Bioavailability depends on solubility of drug. Solubility is major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry with the developments of new pharmaceutical products. There are several approaches for solubility enhancement which includes micronization, Nanonisation, use of salt forms, use of surfactant, solid dispersion, and supercritical fluid recrystalization etc. Liquisolid technique is novel and efficient approach for solubility enhancement. According to this method the conversion of water insoluble drug into dry looking, non adherent, free flowing and acceptably compressible powder by incorporating into suitable non volatile solvents, carrier material and coating materials. This free flowing powder is than subjected to Preformulation studies like Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning Calorimetry for compatibility studies , angle of slide, flow properties, solubility studies, calculation of liquid load retention potential, liquid load factor etc. These free flowing powders are subjected to compression for tablet or filled in capsules. The mechanism for solubility enhancement includes increase in wettability and surface of...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
An approach to determine the relationship between independent process variables and their two level four factor partial factorial design was adopted, composite of experiment design was applied to optimize a tablet formulation of Tetrabenazine (TBZ) Tablets 25mg containing high percentage of Lactose Anhydrous, Sodium starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate and Starch / Lactose Ratio. The particle size distribution of Lactose Anhydrous is used as dependent variable and Sodium starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate and Starch / Lactose Ratio were used as independent variables for optimizing some tablets response parameters. Response parameters for final TBZ Tablets were percentage of TBZ dissolve at thirty minutes. Design of Experiments (DOE) is an organized effect on the response variable. 24 partial factorial designs were applied in this research work. The models were validated for accurate prediction of response characteristics and use to identify the optimum formulation. The results that an optimum TBZ 25mg tablets having a volume similar to commercial products can be produced by dry granulation process utilizing Lactose...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal causes of death in the world. DM causes many diseases with different pathogenesis disturbing glucose, protein and lipid metabolism. The primary characteristic is elevated glucose, blood level, which may be due to deficiency in the secretion of insulin and / act. Fenugreek oil is covered to recover glucose levels, intolerance, and insulin sensitivity as compared to the diabetic group. It is claimed that there is less damage of β-cell of pancreatic islet after dosing of fenugreek oil in diabetic rats. The objective of the study was to formulate a nano formulation of fenugreek oil, so as to enhance the effectiveness of fenugreek oil in treating induced diabetes by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozocin (45 mg / kg) in Wistar albino rats, since nano formulation is claimed to enhance the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. A nano-emulsion was developed by adopting emulsion phase inversion and emulsion titration technique. The nano-emulsion with droplet size with less than 100 nm in diameter was stabilized by...
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