Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2018 in |
Bimetallic nanoparticles have several useful opto-electronic and catalytic properties that are different from those of monometallic nanoparticles. The development of non-toxic and eco-friendly protocols for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles is a still less explored area. In the present study, bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles were synthesized using Trichoderma reesei (NCIM 992). An effective approach for co-reduction of metal salts was adopted wherein the fungal biomass was grown under non-limiting conditions, followed by the addition of metal salts. The bio fabricated bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, ICP-MS, SEM equipped with an EDS, FTIR and XRD. The fungal biomass color changed from colorless to dark purple within 2 days of incubation period. UV-Visible spectrum of the intracellularly produced bimetallic nanoparticles showed characteristic peak between 420 nm and 540 nm. ICP-MS of the residual salt concentration depicted the percentage of bioconversion of metal salts to metal nanoparticles. SEM-EDS studies confirmed the presence of intracellular silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles. FT-IR analysis revealed the existence of peaks in the amide regions, a characteristic of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Antibiotic efflux pumps appear a major component of microbial resistance to many classes of major antibiotics namely the tetracycline, the macrolides, and the fluoroquinolones. These are totally synthetic, amphiphilic compounds with no known ‘natural’ counterpart, antibiotic efflux appears sufficient per se to confer a medium or high level of resistance, defeating medically applicable treatments of the corresponding infections with these antibiotics. Antibiotic efflux may be found in association with other mechanisms, such as antibiotic inactivation, to confer high-level resistance on bacteria. In some respects, this phenomenon bears similarities with the cooperation of drug-extruding pumps and the cytochrome P450-based degradation pathways in enterocytes. An increasing knowledge about a variety of efflux pumps that are involved in MDR of pathogens, is an important challenge for current medicinal chemistry. The existence of antibiotic efflux pumps, and their impact on therapy, must now be taken fully into account for the selection of novel antimicrobials. The design of specific, potent inhibitors appears to be an important goal for the improved control of infectious diseases...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Colorants are widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and textile industry to improve customer perception and acceptability. The hazardous effects and legislation of synthetic dyes minimize its applications thus the search for natural pigments is in trend. Plant natural pigments are widely used as alternative not only because of their high availability as colouring agent, but also they exhibits abundance of health-promoting values such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity which favour human beings. Drawbacks of natural pigments including its stability and cost hindered its popularity in industry but the emerging of modern technologies is expected to overcome this problems. This review focuses on the natural colorant from plants source, production technologies and their implication in wellness industry; i.e. food, cosmetic and...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Andrographolide (AG) is a purified isolate of chemical synthesis resulted from sambiloto herbs (Andrographis paniculata Nees.), which has various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotector, antidiabetic, inhibition of replication of the HIV virus, antimalarial, anti-arthritic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, antimicrobial, immunomodulator and antiparasitic. To enhance the ability of AG to penetrate the membrane on transdermal administration, it is important to conduct the formation of inclusion complexes using beta cyclodextrin (BCD) because it has benefit such as enhancing drug release and/or permeation and stabilizing drugs in the formulation or at the absorptive site. The inclusion complexes of AG with BCD was prepared by a solvent evaporation method with mole ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The solids of AG inclusion complex resulted in the BCD were characterized using physical characterization of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, compared to the single compound of AG, BCD, and a physical mixture of AG-BCD. Based on the results of physical characterization, the ratio that indicates the formation of inclusion complexes AG-BCD is the...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Antibiotics are most important commercially used secondary metabolites, produced by many soil microorganisms i.e., bacteria and fungi and employed in wide range. Most important antibiotics used today are of microbial origin. The emergence of the antibiotic resistance and need of broad spectrum antibiotics is in focus and in demand. In present study, soil samples from different areas were collected i.e., the sampling is classified based on its micro and macro environment (waste polluted soil) (normal street soil) and (agricultural soil), from a local soil and analyzed for the antibiotic production. After primary screening, bacterial isolates were identified as Micrococcus roseus, Brevibacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cerus, through biochemical characterization, and fungal isolates were identified as Tricho-cladium opacum, Rhizocotania sp., Epicoccum nipponicum, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporides through microscopic and macroscopic identification and checked for antibiotic activity against some common gram positive and negative bacteria namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic test indicates that Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Epicoccum nipponicum, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporides...
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