Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Pyogenic infection refers to bacterial infection that leads to the production of pus. Antibiotics to treat these pyogenic bacterial infections are routinely prescribed, toxicity of which is serious threat and makes chemotherapy more difficult. Management of pyogenic infections consists of aspiration or surgical drainage followed by appropriate antibiotics. A total of 50 samples were examined, 36 bacterial strains were isolated, 20 Gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus (8), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7), Corynebacterium pyogenes (5) and 16 Gram negative, Escherichia coli (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), Neisseria meningitidis (4). Morphological and biochemical tests confirmed the isolated microorganisms. The study was carried out using in vitro Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method. The percentage resistance of different Gram positive isolates against different antibiotics, penicillin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and tetracycline was C. pyogenes (76%), S. aureus (61.25%) and S. epidermidis (48.55%). Results for Gram negative bacteria, N. meningitidis (62.5%), E. coli (61.6%) and P. aeruginosa (52.28%), against norfloxacin, gentamycin, ofloxicin, cefixime, cefuroxime, amicacin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were also observed....
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Antibiotic is one of the most important commercially exploited secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi and Streptomyces and employed in a wide range. Most of the antibiotics used today are from the microbes. Bacteria are easy to isolate, culture, maintain and to improve their strain. Bacillus species being the predominant soil bacteria because of their resistant endospore formation and production of vital antibiotic like polymyxin, bacitracin etc. are always found inhibiting the growth of the other organisms. In the present research study, screening of bacteria, fungi and Streptomyces with potential antibiotic activity was carried out. Among the microbes isolated and identified, Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium chrysogenum and Streptomyces spwere selected on the basis of their anti-bacterial activity. The inhibitory activities of the isolated microorganisms were checked against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 4352). It was observed that Penicillium chrysogenum metabolites showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with a zone of inhibition...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Various medicinal properties have been attributed to natural herbs. The use of traditional medicine is widespread in India. These herbal remedies are an important source for the discovery of new antimicrobials against the resistant strains of bacteria. Asavas and Arishtas are specially prepared ayurvedic medicines. They are alcoholic solutions containing all the active ingredients of the drugs of which they are compounded. Asavas are prepared by using herbal juices or herbs soaked in water while Arishtas are prepared by decoction. Different parts of medicinal plants are used traditionally for the preparation of specific asava or arishta that is effective against specific disorder. About 25 different medicinal plants commonly used were selected. Dried powders of these plants were extracted in water. The antibacterial activity of the extracts were then tested by agar well diffusion method against standard cultures of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus thuringenesis. The individual extracts of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica andWoodfordia fructicosa, Jaggery were active against the test...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
The new chalcones of 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran derivatives are synthesized by reaction with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes using the method of aldol condensation. Characterization of these synthesized compounds performed with IR, 1H NMR, physical characteristics like molecular mass, melting point and elemental analysis. The data related to structural characterization were given individually with antimicrobial activities.Characterization of these synthesized compounds performed with IR, 1H NMR, physical characteristics like molecular mass, melting point and elemental analysis. The data related to structural characterization were given individually with antimicrobial activities. The literature suggests that chalcones are also useful intermediates for the synthesis of several chemical and pharmacological classes of therapeutic agents having heterocyclic structures in them. Also a number of chalcones with novel substituents synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for anti-microbial activity in our laboratory and significant outcome was observed. Thus various novel substituents for chalcone synthesis and QSAR studies will be a promising effort for development of better anti microbials with several significant biological...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2013 in |
Preservatives prolong the shelf-life of food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals by preventing their spoilage. Antimicrobials such as nitrites, nitrates, benzoates and sulfur dioxide destroy or delay the growth of bacteria, yeast and molds. Anti-oxidants such as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), and propyl gallate slow or stop the breakdown of fats and oils. Anti-enzymatic preservatives such as citric and erythorbic acids block the enzymatic processes such as ripening occurring in foodstuffs even after harvest. Natural substances like salt, sugar, vinegar and spices have been used as preservatives since time immemorial. The majority of preservatives used today are artificial rather than natural. Several of them are toxic and several others have potentially life-threatening side effects. Researchers have reported that artificial preservatives such as nitrates, benzoates, sulfites, sorbates, parabens, formaldehyde, BHT, BHA and several others can cause serious health hazards such as hypersensitivity, allergy, asthma, hyperactivity, neurological damage and cancer. Research has proven that several natural preservatives obtained from plants, animals, microbes and minerals contain antioxidant, antimicrobial and antienzymatic properties. Extracts...
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