Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The main cause of increasing of infectious diseases cases is due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms emergence, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for most of hospital-acquired infections and millions deaths related. Despite development of new antibiotics, control of these microorganisms is not always successful. Several plant extracts have demonstrated antimicrobial effects and may be used as an alternative therapy for these infections. Aiming to evaluate antibacterial activity of extracts from Eleutherine plicata (marupazinho), Geissospermum vellosii (pau-pereira) and Portulaca pilosa (amor crescido) against multidrug-resistant bacteria, samples of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa) isolated from human clinical processes were tested. The antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microdilution method. Extracts and fractions were tested at concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.2 and 16.2 µg/mL dissolved in DMSO 10%. E. plicata and G. vellossi have shown activity against ORSA at MIC of 125 µg/L, whilst P. pilosa have shown action on MDR P. aeruginosa at MIC of...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Human body is a perfect natural habitat for numerous microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, yeasts and some viruses which are termed as microflora of a body. Amongst its upper respiratory tract, is the most common infections in the world. Our study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains against several antibiotics, isolated from the respiratory tract of the suspected patients. The study was confirmed using in vitro antimicrobial disk diffusion method. Total of 30 samples were studied. 20 bacterial strains were isolated of which 15 were Gram positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (7 strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4 strains) and Corynebacterium diphtheria (4 strains) whereas 5 strains of Gram negative bacteria, includes Neisseria meningitidis. The resistance determined by the antibiotics used as, amoxicillin, Staphylococcus aureus (87.71%), Staphylococcus epidermis (85.71%), Corynebacterium diphtheria (75%), erythromycin, Staphylococcus epidermidis (100%), Corynebacterium diphtheria (100%), Neisseria meningitidis (60%), Staphylococcus aureus (57.14%); tetracyclin, Staphylococcus epidermidis (50%), Corynebacterium diphtheria (50%), Neisseria meningitidis (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (29%); ciprofloxacin, Neisseria meningitidis (80%), Staphylococcus aureus (29%); penicillin showed 100 %...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Nosocomial infections even in this modern era antibiotics, continue to remain an important and formidable consequence of hospitalization. Our aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility against hospital-associated infecting microorganisms. 30 Clinical samples were taken from OPD of GMC Hospital, Bhopal (MP), India. Among 30 clinical isolates we identified bacterial pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus (10), Escherichia coli (10) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8). Antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed by the reference criteria of clinical and laboratory standard institute guidelines. In the present study antibiotic susceptibility results showed that all 10 (100%) S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, 8 (80%) S. aureus isolates were resistant to cefuroxime, 7 (70%) S .aureus isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 5 (50%) S. aureus isolates were resistant to amikacin, 2 (20%) S. aureus isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin whereas, 0 (0%) S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to cefazolin. For E. coli isolates all 10 (100%) were resistant to cefuroxime, 7 (70%) E. coli isolates were resistant to amikacin,...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Present study reports phytochemical screening and the inhibitory activity of crude extracts of Cassia tora and Cassia sophera (fam: caesalpinaceae) on some human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The selected plants are edible and used by local herbal medical practitioners to treat various skin infections and respiratory problems. Leaf and flower extracts were prepared with different solvents and tested for the presence of primary and secondary metabolites which are pharmacologically active compounds. Acetone and Aqueous extracts revealed the presence of more constituents including glycosides, phenols, flavonoids alkaloids etc. As many of the active ingredients in chemically manufactured drugs were originally derived from plant compounds, extracts are also used to screen the antimicrobial activity. The results showed very high inhibitory activity against skin pathogens like Staphylococcus and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition was determined utilizing the well diffusion method. For comparison chloramphenicol and Fluconazole were used as standard reference. Among bacteria used gram positive bacteria and fungus Candida albicans were most inhibited. Flower and leaf extracts showed different activity, revealing...
Read More
Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Irrational use of medicines results in poor patient clinical outcomes, adverse drug reactions, economic burden and antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate drug prescription patterns in private and public health sectors in Wolkite town, South West Ethiopia. The drug prescriptions were evaluated in 11 private and public health facilities, Wolkite town, South west Ethiopia. Total patient records of 600 were collected by systematic random sampling technique from patients attended the facilities from January 1 to December 31, 2011, retrospectively. One thousand two hundred twenty seven drugs were prescribed for 385 patient encounters making the average number of drugs per encounter 3.20 + 1.01 (private=3.33, public= 2.89). Three hundred and one (78.2%) patients in private and public health facilities were prescribed with at least one inappropriate drug. Inappropriate choice of drug 108 (28.0%), over prescription of drugs 89 (23.0%) and inappropriate duration of treatment 28 (7.2%) were the three most prevalent cause of inappropriate prescriptions in the health facilities. Much remains to be done to promote rational...
Read More
