Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Tuberose flower extracts were obtained by green technology of Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and solvent extractions (using n-hexane and petroleum ether of b.p. 60-80 °C). Antimicrobial activities of these extracts were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae and Candida albicans. No activity was found against H. pylori and V. cholerae. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were established by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against the remaining test microorganisms. The SC-CO2 and solvent extracts showed potency against all test microorganisms. SC-CO2 extract obtained at 40 °C, 100 bar pressure, 135 min extraction time, and n-hexane extract showed most promising results, among all the extracts. However, considering the global need for green extracts for therapeutic applications, SC-CO2 extraction is the recommended technique for extracting antimicrobials from tuberose flowers. The chemical constituents conferring antimicrobial potencies to the extracts were also identified by GC/MS...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
This work has been undertaken to study the antimicrobial efficiency of Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Ethanolic extracts of herbal plants (Anthocephalus cadamba, Allium sativum, Origanum vulgare, Ocimum sanctum) against human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3160), Escherichia coli (MTCC-1652) and fungi Aspergillus niger (MTCC-282) by using agar well diffusion method. All the plants showed significant activity against all pathogens, but the alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum showed maximum zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration against all the pathogens. The minimum zone of inhibition and comparatively greater inhibitory concentration were determined in hexane and ethanolic extract. The Spectrum activity of alcoholic extracts of these plants could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat various infectious...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Nocturnal Enuresis treatment activity in rabbits by measuring the changes in urine volume and concentrations of electrolytes as well as bladder capacities. In addition, antioxidant activity was measured using free radical scavenging (DPPH method) and antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogens using agar diffusion technique. Pandanus Odoratissimus L. peduncle showed no toxic effect with a predicted lethal dose > 16g/kg. The findings indicate the peduncle extracts increase the capacity of the bladder which is an indicator of muscle relaxation with no direct effect on the muscle of dissected bladders. The methanolic extract of the peduncle decrease the urine volume both at 24 hrs and as prescribed traditionally in Yemen (for 3 days) with no effect on its electrolytes. In addition, antioxidant activity of the methanolic peduncle extract was evident by the 83% inhibition of DPPH with different concentrations of the extracts as compared with Vitamin C. In contrast, Peduncle extracts showed no antimicrobial activity against five standard microbial strains (Micrococcus Lit, Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Candida...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Background: Prescription of drugs which needs to be continuously assessed and refined according to disease progression. It is not only reflects the physician’s knowledge about drugs but also know the pathophysiology of diseases and attitude towards rational prescribing. Methods-: Retrospective study was carried out by collecting 350 prescriptions containing antimicrobial agents of the indoor patients admitted in the wards of medicine department at Sir Sayajirao General (SSG) Hospital, Vadodara. The data was collected by using case record form specially prepared for the study. Results: In our study, total 350 prescriptions containing 539 antimicrobial drugs were prescribed in-patients during study period. Average number of antimicrobials per prescription was 1.54.486 (90.16%) and 53(9.53%) antimicrobials were prescribed by using generic name and trade name respectively. 313(58.07%) and 226(41.93%) antimicrobial agents were prescribed for parenteral administration as well as oral route respectively.188(53.71%) prescriptions constitute single antimicrobial agents, while 162(46.28%) prescriptions contain either two or more than two antimicrobial agents. Among all prescriptions, 4 % and 20% of them were without the age and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Background: Antimicrobials form an important group of drugs. Increasing prevalence of infections and emergence of resistance to antimicrobials has led to polypharmacy with respect to antimicrobial prescription. Aims and Objectives: To study the prescribing patterns, approval status, adherence to NLEM and WHO-EML and cost of antimicrobials prescribed in surgical departments. Methods: Data was collected from medical records of inpatients that underwent surgical procedures, from SSIMS&RC Teaching Hospital, Davanagere, Karnataka. The antimicrobials were classified based on WHO‐ATC classification and analyzed. Results: Among 464 antimicrobials prescribed to 154 patients, 13.79% were prescribed by generic name, 73.28% were prescribed as parenteral preparations and 16 patients received single antimicrobial agent. Mean duration of hospitalization was 10.56 ± 5.7 days. Beta lactam antimicrobials apart from penicillins (J01D) were the most commonly prescribed. 78.88% of the prescriptions were approved by both DCGI and FDA. 72% of the prescriptions were adhering to the both NLEM and WHO-EML. 72.85% of the prescriptions were single drug formulations. 27.16% were FDCs and 3 of them were not approved either...
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