Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Background: Prescription of drugs, which needs to be continuously assessed and refined according to disease progression. It not only reflects the physician’s knowledge about drugs but also his/her skill in diagnose and attitude towards selecting the most appropriate cost-effective treatment. Antimicrobials are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in hospital. As per literature, they account for over 50% of total value of drugs sold in our country. Such studies have been sparse from Gujarat and hence, this study was undertaken. Methods: Retrospective study was carried out by collecting 350 prescriptions containing antimicrobial agents in paediatric department at Sir Sayajirao General (SSG) Hospital, Vadodara to assess the prescribing patterns of antimicrobial agents. All information about the drugs details recorded in pre-tested Proforma that was finalized by our Pharmacology department. Results: Total 350 prescriptions containing 690 antimicrobial drugs were prescribed in patients during study. Of them aminoglycosides (233; 33.77%) was frequently prescribed followed by β-lactam group (191; 27.68) and cephalosporins (176; 25.5%). Average numbers of antimicrobials per prescription was 1.97.Out of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Napoleonaea imperialis is used to treat wounds in most parts of Nigeria. Against this background, N-hexane extract of the leaves were screened against some microorganisms to ascertain this claim and to recommend it for further investigation for possible inclusion into official compendium. The plant leaves were dried, powdered and extracted by cold maceration with N-hexane for 24hours. Phytochemical screening was done for alkaloids, saponin, steroidal nucleus, simple sugar, starch, glycoside, proteins and flavonoid using standard procedures. Antimicrobial screenings were carried out using agar diffusion technique. Antibacterial activity was conducted by screening against six pathogens comprising both Gram positive (B. subtilis and S. aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella, E. coli and S. typhi) obtained from pharmaceutical Microbiology laboratory stock. The extract was screened against 24hour broth culture of bacteria seeded in the nutrient agar at concentrations 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25and 3.125 mg/ml in DMSO and incubated at 370C, for 24 hours and measuring the inhibition zone diameter – IZD. The positive controls were ampicillin...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Seeds of Simmondsia chinensis were extracted with pet ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water for evaluating its antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis. The purpose of screening is to justify, authenticate the use of Indian Medicinal plants in ethnomedicinal or folklore as traditional treasure to cure various ailments. In present investigations attempts were made to screen the Indian Medicinal Plants as antibiotics. The extracts were tested against seven bacteria and three fungi through disc diffusion assay where standard tetracycline and mycostatin (for bacteria and fungi, respectively) were used. The results showed that all the extracts possess good antimicrobial activity against selected test bacteria and fungi. The preset results therefore offer a scientific basis for traditional use of the various extracts of Simmondsia chinensis. All the extracts possessed antimicrobial potential against all test bacteria and fungi which explains that their use in daily life will generate a resistance or immunity to fight against microorganisms. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Parinari curatellifolia (stem) were tested against five dental carries causing bacteria and three fungi strains by agar diffusion method. The crude extracts showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting the five strains of bacteria and the three fungi. The extracts were most effective against Aspergilusflavus, followed by Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. S. mutans and S. aureus were the only microorganisms that showed zone of inhibition in all the various concentrations of the ethanol extract of P. curatelifolia. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, phlobotanins and...
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Posted by admin on Jun 1, 2012 in |
The ethanolic extract of leaves of Acalypha hispida was evaluated for phytochemical, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, reducing sugars and steroids. Cytotoxic activity was investigated by brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. The extract showed potent cytotoxic effect (LC50 19.95µg/ml) which is comparable to standard cytotoxic drug chloramphenicol (LC50 7µg/ml). Antibacterial activity was tested by disk diffusion method. The extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhe and moderate activity against Enterococcus coli, Streptococcus saprophyticus and Streptococcus agalactin whereas Shigella dysentery found resistant at 250µg/disc and...
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