Volume 14 (2023) - Issue 10, October
Review Articles
REPURPOSING THE EVOLUTION AND APPLICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides are also known as Host defense system. Recently, research in the food industry and therapeutic fields has seen a considerable expansion in the use of antimicrobial proteins. It has a wide spectrum of antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties against infectious bacteria, viruses, fungus, etc., obtained from microbes, plants, animals, and even humans. Antimicr...
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PORTRAYAL EXPLORATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL NANOPARTICLES
Nanotechnology has found its way into most science fields at a tiny scale. Particle of this size and molecules were found to work differently and got diverse applications. Novel drug delivery system leads to the development of Nanocarriers, including Nanoparticles, Nanospheres, Nano capsules, Nano emulsion, liposomes, and Niosomes. The major area for research is to design Nanoparticles that can ef...
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UNDERSTANDING OF PHYTO-NANOMEDICINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATION AND WOUND HEALING: AN OUTLOOK
Nanoparticles are the modern-day drug delivery system for biocompatible drugs. Numerous products have developed from nanotechnology to develop effective wound healing and inflammatory treatments. Plant extracts (phytoconstituents) have a lot of therapeutically potential because of their distinctive properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing properties etc. Furthe...
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NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS –A PROMISING CARRIER FOR IMPROVING ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS
To deliver both conventional as well as novel drugs, the oral route was considered as the most preferable one because it reduces patient’s non-compliance, well accepted by the patients, and can also eliminate the discomfort and pain accompanied by parenteral preparations. Even while oral formulations offer numerous advantages, several drawbacks substantially affect bioavailability. In recent yea...
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CURRENT REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES IN US, EU, AND INDIA
Clinical results of various medical treatments using medical devices demonstrate continuous advances, dealing with multiple types of products covering a vast range of applications in the last two decades. Millions of people rely on medical devices to diagnose and manage illnesses. A typical framework for medical device regulations is a whole product life cycle regulatory system that covers product...
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SIDDHA DRUGS AND DISCIPLINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME (CVS) – A REVIEW
In this advanced technological world, the computer has become an indispensable piece of equipment in both office and home. Visual and ocular problems have recently been reported as the most frequently occurring health problem among computer users. Prolonged exposure to radiofrequency radiation affects eyesight and indirectly affects the whole body function. The herbal supplements that improve eye ...
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STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Physiotherapy students are a valuable human resource in the realm of medicine. Mental health of physiotherapy students deteriorates due to challenging learning environment and ongoing battle to become certified healthcare providers. Anxiety, stress and depression lead to decreased productivity, poor quality of life and suicidal thoughts. This study shed light on a narrative review of the impact of...
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE TREATMENT: A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RECENT DATA
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population aged over 65. Dopamine precursor L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the main treatment to provide symptomatic relief for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, with long-term administration of L-DOPA, as many as 95% of patients develop several complications. Medicinal plants (MP) and...
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ROLE OF PLANT BASED REMEDIES FOR POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: A REVIEW
The most common, intricate, and variable endocrine disorder known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It’s also associated with metabolic disorders like obesity; hirsutism, acne, diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. In addition to lifestyle changes, it can be treated with allopathic, ayurvedic, natural, or herb...
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Research Articles
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL PLANT EXTRACT & NANO LOADED CHITOSAN/POLYVINYL ALCOHOL BASED COMPOSITE FILMS
We are creating composite films made of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol that are filled with neem plant extract and NiO nanoparticles. The solution casting technique is used to produce chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol films. When chitosan was combined with polyvinyl alcohol, the water absorption of the film increased, and glutaraldehyde (0.5 ml) became used as the crosslinking agent. The compatibility of...
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EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIALITIES AND GC/MS SPECTROSCOPIC APPROACH OF CLEISTANTHUS COLLINUS (ROXB.) BENTH. EX. HOOK. F.
India is the home to the familiar plant Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook. F (Euphorbiaceae) has great ethnomedicinal and therapeutic applications. The present study was designed to assess the phytochemical profile and investigate the antifungal effectiveness of leaf, bark and fruit extracts by using the agar well diffusion method. All crude extracts from leaf, bark, fruit and fractions...
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SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN MARKETED FORMULA ESTIMATION USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD
A study was performed to develop a simple HPLC method for estimating sertraline Hydrochloride in unit dose. The method was created by evaluating the drug sertraline hydrochloride's solubility in phosphate buffer, pH 4.0, at 254 nm. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Prominence I LC 2030 C (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). A 10 µl sample volume and a C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm (5 µm) w...
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FUSION OF ZNO NANO/MINT EXTRACT LOADED PVP/PVA COMPOSITE BLEND: CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
ZnO is used as a nanofiller in various concentrations to create flexible self-standing films of PVP-PVA mix composites. This work presents the results of structural, compositional, morphological, and optical analyses carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visi...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF PVP AND GELATIN BLENDS FILMS DOPED WITH BARIUM OXIDES NANOPARTICLES
Polymeric films of pure PVP/ gelatin mixture contain different measures of Barium oxide Nanoparticles to be arranged for projecting. The arranged films' underlying and associated actual properties are concentrated on utilizing various methods. The acquired information uncovered the present expansion of gelatin and Barium oxide Nanoparticles causes underlying variety in the Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)...
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A QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL HYDROGEL
The current study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate herbal hydrogel containing ethanolic seed extract of plant Coix lacryma jobi L. Hydrogel was prepared by ethanolic seed extract, carbapol 934p, aloevera gel extract, triethanolamine and methylparaben. The effects of critical parameters (concentration of Carbapol 934p and Aloe vera gel extract) were investigated by executing design of the e...
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FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF GELATIN/NA-ALGINATE COMPOSITE FILM CONTAINING CURCUMIN/IRON NANOPARTICLES
In this work, gel/na-alginate films containing curcumin were made using the straightforward procedure of mixing gel/na-alg solutions, followed by linking with glutaraldehyde solution. Glutaraldehyde was injected into the film solutions made at various proportions (A: G=25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 10:90), and the resulting film’s mechanical, thermal, and swelling characteristics were evaluated. Gelat...
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GELATIN/PECTIN COMPOSITE FILM WITH CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION
Due to its similarity to the cell membrane seen in living organisms, gelatin is a natural biopolymer commonly used in tissue engineering applications. However, the rheological properties of gelatin formulations preclude their use in extrusion-based bioprinting. Using pectin as a viscosities modifier and formaldehyde for gelatin as a gelatin-pectin crosslinking agent, we offer a technique in the cu...
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ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT, ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE POTENTIAL OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders that speed up the metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. It has been forecasting rises in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in recent years. Different plant parts have historically been used to treat diabetes mellitus. The Plant Gmelina arborea (lamiaceae) treats insecticidal, antidiuretic, anti-diabetic, anti-analgesic, and immunom...
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ASSESSMENT OF DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN POISONING PATIENT ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Objective: This study aimed to identify the drug utilization pattern in poisoning patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals and study poisoning patients to determine type of poison cases, demographic character, psychiatric illness, and treatment pattern among poisoning patients. After taking approval from the ethics committee, the study was conducted at Adesh Hospital (AIMSR), Bathinda. Method:...
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ASSESSMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF NORTH REGION
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the major gastrointestinal problems around the globe and its effects greatly on individual health, quality of life, social life, and economy. This study is aimed to determine GERD prevalence, risk factors, and management. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out using a validated questionnaire. The data was collected from the...
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GC-MS ANALYSIS OF CURCUMA ZEDOARIA TUBER EXTRACTS AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
This study investigates the presence of bioactive compounds present in the tubers of Curcuma zedoaria using GC-MS analysis. Different compounds, including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and proteins, were identified using the preliminary phytochemical screening for aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts. The present study reports the antimicrobial activity analysis using aqueous, ethanol and meth...
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INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY ON RENAL FUNCTION IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PATIENTS
Fluorescein angiography is a commonly used procedure for diagnosing and staging diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Patients with diabetic retinopathy are likely to have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) as degree of retinopathy correlates with the degree of nephropathy in diabetes. Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) is now defi...
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MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE DURING FOLLOW-UP: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Non-adherence to treatment can negatively affect the result for the patient and the prescriber. On the other hand, high adherence reduces health care cost and improves the quality of life in patients suffering from chronic diseases. This prospective study was carried out on outdoor patients of ischemic heart disease after discharge from the indoor patient department. The modified Morisky Scale is ...
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EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF UNANI REGIMEN IN THE REHABILITATION OF POST STROKE HEMIPLEGIC GAIT: AN OPEN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Background: Stroke is the most frequent clinical manifestation of diseases of the cerebral blood vessels. Up to 90% of post-stroke survivors report one or more disabilities, including impaired walking. Physical rehabilitation and gait training with equipments are essential in the management of post stroke gait disability, however, these techniques are not amenable for hemiplegic patients because o...
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MODIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED FORMULATIONS OF ORAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE BY UTILIZATION OF THE PARTS OF PHYLLANTHUS RETICULATES
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir., of family Euphorbiaceae was an important therapeutic plant in the traditional medicine, and gaining favour in modern medicine as a plant with varied pharmacological properties. This sericeous shrub is also known as Kirganelia reticulata is widely distributed in India, Thailand, China, Africa and Malaysia. Mouthwash, gargles, mouth spray were formulations were modifie...
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A CROSS-SECTIONAL PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON SLEEP DEPRIVATION, IT’S DISTURBING FACTORS AND DEPRESSION IN ICU (INTENSIVE CARE UNIT) PATIENTS
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently experience disturbed sleep, which could have negative effects. How exactly environmental factors contribute to sleep disruption in the intensive care unit is unknown. The Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire was used to assess their sleep, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess their depression. 500 patients in total took pa...
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INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-DEPRESSANT POTENTIAL OF 2-(4-METHYL PIPERAZIN-1-YL) ACETOHYDRAZIDE-SYNTHESIS, DFT AND DOCKING STUDY
2-(4-methyl piperazin-1-yl) acetohydrazide was synthesized. The combined practice of IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry established the structure of the synthesized compound. Geometry optimization was performed using DFT at the B3LYP level, employing the basis set 6-31G (d, p). For the optimized structure, surfaces were created to study excited state properties such as electrostatic potential mappe...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF NOVEL NITROIMIDAZOOXAZINE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUG PRETOMANID
The medication pretomanid effectively treats drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). For the analysis of pretomanid, a simple, focused, and accurate HPTLC method has been created and approved. The samples were applied as bands on a silica gel-coated TLC plate made of aluminium. Pretomanid was completely separated using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as the mobile phase; the RF value was 0.68 0.046. Dens...
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A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DRUG PRESCRIBING PATTERN IN PSORIASIS AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN ASSAM, INDIA
Background: Environmental factors and genetics significantly impact the development of the chronic, inflammatory, debilitating, and proliferative skin disorder known as psoriasis. Erythematous plaques with distinct borders and silvery scales are signs of psoriasis. Objectives: This study aimed to study the pattern of drug use in psoriasis and to assess patient compliance. Materials & Methods: ...
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ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF BOX JELLY FISH CHIROPSOIDES BUITENDIJKI (HORST R, 1907) FROM WEST COAST OF MUMBAI
The Box jelly fish Chiropsoides buitendijki (Horst R, 1907) were collected during low tides from Edwan village, of West Coast of Mumbai. Identification was done at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Mumbai. Crude extract of Chiropsoides buitendijki (Horst R, 1907) was obtained following the 80% methanol and 1%acetic acid, absolute methanol and n-butanol (1:1), and n-butanol. ...
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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RURAL INDIA OF WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been recognized as one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. It causes chronic hepatitis, which can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV has different genotypes that can vary in pathogenicity and impact treatment outcomes. Identifying HCV genotypes is very important in selecting antiviral therapy, dose adjustment of ...
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QUANTITATIVE SIMULTANEOUS RP-HPLC ESTIMATION OF GALLIC ACID, QUERCETIN AND GLYCYRRHIZIN IN THE METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS AND CORDIA WALLICHI LEAVES
Background: Important mistletoe species include Abrus precatorius (Linn.) and Cordia wallichi (Don). According to reports, the leaves of Abrus precatorius (L.) have neuromuscular, antiepileptic, anti-diabetic, and many other properties. Leaves are traditionally administered to cuts, swellings, and mouth ulcers as a nerve tonic. Less studies have been recorded on the species of wallichi, compared t...
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A SIMPLE, RAPID, STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ACECLOFENAC, PARACETAMOL AND TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
The drugs Aceclofenac (ACF), Paracetamol (PAR), and Tramadol Hydrochloride (TH) are analgesics, and the combination is used in the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe pain. The reported HPLC methods for this combination use complicated mobile phases; none is a stability-indicating method. The present study aims to develop and validate a simple stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simul...
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STRATEGIC SURVEILLANCE-IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCISE ADVERSE DRUG REACTION FORM AND PVPI-HELPLINE NUMBER IN IN-PATIENT CASE SHEETS AMONG CLINICIANS AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL, TELANGANA, INDIA
Background: Post-marketing surveillance via spontaneous Adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring and reporting method is in place, even though it is considered as one of the key challenge for under-reporting and establishing the quality of patient safety in the healthcare system. Objective: This study is intended to know the clinician’s opinion (mindset) on the implementation of PvPI-Helpline (Hel...
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‘SERUM LACTATE AND CALCIUM AS POSSIBLE OUTCOME PREDICTORS IN SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY’
Background: Traumatic brain injury has significant morbidity and mortality. Several prognostic markers have been evaluated to predict outcomes. ABG (arterial blood gas) analyzers are routinely available and predict the value of calcium, lactate and other electrolytes. We evaluated serum calcium and lactate as a prognostic markers in severe TBI. Methods: We prospectively studied 100 patients with s...
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EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INSULIN DEGLUDEC VERSUS INSULIN GLARGINE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF TWENTY CLINICAL TRIALS
Introduction: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec with insulin glargine in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials published prior to July 2019 (no language restrictions) which compared insulin degludec with insulin glargine. Our ...
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UTILIZATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY OF INTERVENTIONS CLASSIFICATION FOR A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SINGAPORE
Introduction: Pharmacists have an integral role in the medication use process in performing interventions. In TTSH, accurate classification of interventions is important for supporting a learning culture within the hospital. Pharmacists spend at least 80 hours to look through 10,000 interventions monthly to ensure accurate classification. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been incr...
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THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND ITS PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS
Background: Thyroid disorders impact the cardiovascular system through direct and indirect mechanisms and are associated with a significantly increased risk of vascular morbidity and mortality. We undertook this study to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to study the impact of thyroid dysfunction on morbidity and mortality among those...
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WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT BARK OF ACHYRENTHES ASPERA LINN
Achyranthes aspera Linn (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as apamarga, is a commonly available plant in India. This plant has been used in treating cuts by people living in various states in India. The Ethanolic extract of root bark of Achyranthes aspera was prepared, and its wound healing activity was evaluated. The ethanolic extract of the root bark of Achyranthes aspera (10 and 30% w/w applied...
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A STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL-GOING CHILDREN OF JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND, INDIA
Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging public health concern in India and worldwide. A school-based study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-going children and educate them about obesity and its ill effects on health. Methods: The present study is an observational cross-sectional study on 426 6- to 14 students (Boys: 217, Girls: 209) from randomly ...
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FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IN-SITU GEL FOR OPHTHALMIC FORMULATION CONTAINING CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Ophthalmic delivery for eye drops which currently cover to 90% of available ocular dosage forms are ideal for the treatment of eye diseases but having limitations of poor therapeutic response and low bioavailability. Objectives: The objectives of present research was to develop of formulation and characterize sustained release in-situ ocular gels containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride using pH ind...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE BILAYER TABLET FOR BIMODAL RELEASE
Carbamazepine (CBZ) has long been a therapeutic option for bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine is used to treat acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. In the present study, bilayer tablet was developed to improve dosing convenience and decrease daily fluctuations in serum CBZ concentration, thereby lowering the incidence of adverse events. In bilayer tablet one layer prov...
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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF POLY AMIDOAMINE (PAMAM) DENDRIMERS AS POTENTIAL CARRIERS FOR ENHANCED TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF ITRACONAZOLE GEL FORMULATION
The drug of dendrigel, uses dendrimers as medicine carriers. Dendrimers were prepared by divergent growth techniques and were loaded in varying quantities in carbapol 934. To this mixture, itraconazole drug was added and the expression of dendrigel was estimated. Dendrimers were prepared by divergent growth techniques. Estimation parameters like color test, UV spectroscopy, and FTIR. Evaluation pa...
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SAFETY USE OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. IMMATURE PODS DECOCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT IN RAT WITHOUT HYPERTENSION
This investigation evaluates the oral toxicity of Phaseolus vulgaris immature pods decoction a the biochemical, hematological, and cardiac profile of Wistar rats. Methods: The Economic Cooperation and Development Organization (OECD) guidelines 423 and 407 were applied. A 2000 mg/kg dose of PAD was administered to six female mice. Mortality, body weight, clinical signs of toxicity, food and water i...
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COMPARISON OF ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF 2-BENZOXAZOLINONE AND STANDARDIZED SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACT OF ACANTHUS ILICIFOLIUS ON ANIMAL MODELS OF PAIN AND MUSCULAR HYPERALGESIA
The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic properties of supercritical fluid extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves (SCFE-AI) and Benzoxazolinone (BOA) using the acetic acid-induced writhing method, formalin-induced paw lick assay, and carrageenan-induced muscle hyperalgesia. Results demonstrated that SCFE-AI and BOA exhibited potent dose-dependent analgesic activity in all tested ...
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SCIENTIFIC CORROBORATIVE EVIDENCE OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMA LEAF: A TRADITIONALLY USED HERB OF NORTHEAST INDIA
Citrus maxima, a well-known citrus species, is an important Assam plant used to treat various disorders by many communities in Northeast India. The local tribes of Northeast India have been using the leaves of C. maxima to eradicate worm infestations since time immemorial. Till date, no scientific research has been conducted on this plant to determine its anthelmintic potential. As a result, an ex...
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WITHAFERIN A: AN EXPLORATION OF TROPANE ALKALOID ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION BY CONQUERING A BETA PROTEIN
Neurological problems should be considered a major public health issue. Around 40%–70% of people exposed to HIV suffer neurological problems such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and other comparable conditions. Various neurological diseases including ALS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease are caused by amyloid-beta accumulation in extracellular regions of the...
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