Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
Simplify and improve conditions that have been used traditionally to carry out the conventional Biginelli reactioninvolves three-component one-pot condensation of an aldehyde, β-ketoester and urea or thiourea in ethanol under strong acidic condensation HCl for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone(DHPMs) and their sulphur analogue dihydropyrimidinthione derivatives which are act as (antibacterial, anti-inflamematory, antiviral, antitumor, antimalarial agents, hypnotics…. ect) by green chemistry approach. These reactions were performed by three-component condensation of different types of an aldehyde (benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural, cinnamaldehyde, and salicaldehyde), ethyl acetoacetate, and urea or thiourea at reflux temperature under solvent-free conditions without catalyst to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones and dihydropyrimidinthione in excellent yields (76–96%). The advantages of this green chemistry approach the excellent yield, operational simplicity, short time, and the avoidance of the use of organic solvents and friendly preparation. Products were identified using physical and spectroscopic data (IR, 1HNMR, GC. Mass,...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
There are some locally available domestic material in our country that can be used in poultry feed. The uses of local material will decrease the feed cost as well as ensure the availability of raw materials. In this investigation we have selected twelve locally available domestic materials that are low cost and nutritious for poultry health. These raw materials play an important role on poultry health. For crude protein estimation we have used manual micro Kjeldahl method. We have applied also micro Kjeldahl automated Foss instrument to measure and compare results of crude protein content of our selected raw materials. Moisture content of these raw materials is also estimated by three different methods, because moisture plays an important role during storing and formulation of poultry feed. In this study it was found that all of the local raw materials contain considerable amount of crude protein. Though all the selected raw materials contain considerable amount of crude protein, among them soya bean meal (SBM) contains higher amount of crude protein...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
Enzymes are identified as key catalysts in various processes occurring within the living cells. The role of various enzymes is constantly investigated to find their novel applications. Nitrilase is one such enzyme which carries out the hydrolysis of carbon-nitrogen bonds except for amides. This catalytic property of nitrilase is exploited to generate corresponding chiral carboxylic acids. These chiral molecules can be employed in various drug synthesis schemes. Nitrilase have been reported from various microorganisms with variable catalytic properties. With an objective to explore microorganisms which produce nitrilases and able to catalyze aromatic nitriles, screening of microorganisms from soil was carried out. Out of five soil sampling sites, screening from the soil sample taken from benzonitrile manufacturing industry (Anami Organics Ltd. Valsad, Gujarat-India) resulted in isolation of microorganism which was able to use benzonitrile as substrate and was positive for nitrilase enzyme assay which was done by modified indophenol method. The microorganism was later identified to be Bacillus thuringiensis using 16s rRNA and biochemical analysis. Nitrilase is present as an...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
The main aim of the present investigation was to evaluate transdermal potential ethosomes bearing anti-diabetic drug Gliclazide. Total eight formulations (F1-F8) of ethosomes were prepared by using cold method with three different concentrations of phospholipid (0.5, 1, 2 % w/w) and ethanol (10, 20, 30 % v/v) and it was compared with hydroethanolic solution. They were evaluated for vesicular shape, size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro studies. The formulation F6 (ethanol 20 % v/v and phospholipid (1 % w/w) was selected as the best formulation due to its optimum vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, less turbidity and maximum in- vitro release. The stability studies performed on F6 formulation at two different temperatures of 25º ± 2ºC and 4º ± 2ºC for the period of 6 months also shows the satisfactory results. It was further incorporated into gel using carbopol 934 (1, 1.5, 2 % w/w) as a base. The carbopol concentration of 1.5% w/w gives the maximum in-vitro release of 96.06 ± 0.16 % in dialysis membrane and ex-vivo release of...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2015 in |
This research work deals with the development and evaluation of a floating pulsatile drug delivery system used in the treatment of hypertension intended as chronopharmacotherapy. Serious cardiovascular complications have been seen in majority of individuals with early morning-surge in blood pressure. The floating- pulsatile concept can help to deliver the drug at definite place and time when symptoms of disease are more critical. The system consisted of three different parts, a core tablet, containing the active ingredient, an erodible outer shell and a top cover buoyant layer. The dry coated tablet consists in a drug-containing core, coated by a hydrophilic erodible polymer (HPMC E50 and lactose) which is responsible for a lag phase in the onset of pulsatile release. The buoyant layer, prepared with Methocel E50, Carbopol 934P and sodium bicarbonate, provides buoyancy to increase the retention of the oral dosage form in the stomach applied to increase the gastric residence of the dosage form having lag phase followed by a burst release. The developed formulations were evaluated for...
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