Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative uropathogens isolated from diabetic patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) attending a tertiary care hospital in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 midstream urine samples collected from clinically suspected diabetic UTI patients, of which 132 showed significant bacteriuria. Bacterial identification was carried out using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI 2023 guidelines, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was evaluated. Gram-negative bacteria constituted the majority of uropathogens. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbapenems and amikacin demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas commonly prescribed oral antibiotics such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole showed poor effectiveness. A considerable proportion of isolates were ESBL producers, indicating a high burden of multidrug resistance. UTIs were more prevalent among female diabetic patients, particularly those with longer disease duration. These findings highlight the predominance of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens in diabetic UTIs...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Background: Generic medicines are a key strategy for improving healthcare affordability and access, particularly in India, where out-of-pocket expenditure remains high. Despite policy initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana, patient acceptance and utilisation of generic medicines remain inconsistent. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients regarding the use of generic medicines in Jaipur and to examine the association of KAP scores with selected demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and one-way ANOVA to assess associations between KAP scores and demographic factors. Results: Patients demonstrated moderate to good knowledge of generic medicines (mean knowledge score: 7.15 ± 3.12); however, attitudes (6.42 ± 2.94) and practices (5.85 ± 1.82) were comparatively lower, indicating a knowledge–practice gap. Higher educational status and urban residence were significantly associated with better knowledge scores (p < 0.05). In contrast, practice scores were significantly higher among rural participants (p <...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Background: Mammillaria beneckei C. Ehrenb, a species of cactus native to regions of Mexico, has been recognized for its medicinal potential due to its rich phytochemical composition. It belongs to the family Cactaceae and the genus Mammillaria, which is known for its globular or cylindrical shape. This study aimed to perform comprehensive phytochemical profiling, pharmacognostical parameters and evaluate the antioxidant properties of stem of cactus to understand its therapeutic potential. The present research involves the extraction and identification of bioactive compounds from the plant using various solvent systems. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed as per standard protocols to standardize the aim, and physicochemical investigations were established. The TPC, TFC, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods were performed to evaluate antioxidant activities using various extracts. Results & Discussion: In the preliminary phytochemical screening bioactive compounds like Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and phenolic compounds were found. The results show significant inhibitory effects. Conclusion: The main objective of the present study is to conduct a phytochemical...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Background: Hypertension commonly coexists with dyslipidemia, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk. Antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may differ in their effects on lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare the effects of ramipril and telmisartan on serum lipid profile in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative study conducted over 24 weeks in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with the Department of Cardiology. Patients aged 30–60 years with newly diagnosed grade 1 hypertension were enrolled. A total of 120 patients completed the study and were randomized to receive either ramipril 2.5 mg once daily (Group 1) or telmisartan 40 mg once daily (Group 2). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were assessed at baseline and during follow-up. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test. Results: Both treatment groups demonstrated improvement in lipid parameters over the study period. Telmisartan showed a significant reduction in TC, TG, and LDL levels, whereas...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Introduction: Chronic alcoholism has been associated with significant neurophysiological alterations, particularly affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have provided insights into these changes, revealing patterns of brain activity that differ markedly from those of non-alcoholics. Materials and Methods: The study involved EEG power spectral analysis of alcohol-dependent patients compared to healthy controls. The analysis focused on various EEG bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma) across central brain regions (FZ, CZ, PZ, OZ) during eye-open and eye-closed states. Results: The findings indicated increased theta and beta power in alcoholics, particularly at central regions (CZ), suggesting alterations in cognitive processing and attention mechanisms. Alpha power was reduced, indicating impaired resting-state cortical activity. Gamma power showed decreased absolute values but increased relative power in posterior regions, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Conclusion: EEG power differences in alcoholics provide evidence of significant neurophysiological alterations, particularly in theta, beta, and gamma bands. These findings could serve as potential electrophysiological signatures for alcohol-induced brain dysfunction and aid in monitoring recovery or...
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